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volume 59, issue 15, november 2022
1. title: theorising democratic space with and beyond henri lefebvre
authors: mark purcell
abstract: the purpose of this article is to theorise space in a way that resonates with democracy. it develops a radical understanding of democracy, as an affirmative project undertaken by people to directly manage their affairs themselves. to theorise space, the article takes up henri lefebvre�s concept of �differential space�, which it conceives as an autonomous force that produces itself through the operation of desire. this self-production, lefebvre argues, takes place in and through everyday acts of survival of those who inhabit space. the article then situates this abstract discussion of space, again following lefebvre, in the context of ongoing worldwide urbanisation. the urban, lefebvre argues, has agglomerated not only capitalist productive power but also the differences that exist outside of capitalist logic, and so it is where we should be looking for revolutionary difference in the world today. taking all these insights together, we can see the project of democracy as an affirmative project undertaken by people to directly manage the production of urban space themselves. lastly, the article argues that the project of democracy must extend beyond lefebvre�s thought. it thinks through one example, which is the question of the �we� of democracy. it argues that to properly understand the question of difference in democratic community, we are very well served in turning to the work of judith butler.
2. title: how tenants� reactions to rent increases affect displacement: an interactionist approach to gentrification
authors: moritz rinn, jan wehrheim, lena wieselena wi
abstract: rising rents play an important role in the displacement of residents through gentrification processes in germany. applying an interactionist approach and conceptualising gentrification as an emergent phenomenon that results from an interaction process, we explore how residents of the gentrifying district altona-altstadt in hamburg deal with situations of rent increases. four strategies emerge: de-problematisation, unwilling consent, changing the field of action and confrontational rejection. using an interpretive analysis and the concept of the �moral economies of housing�, we investigate the normative and strategic conditions of these strategies and how they contribute to or counteract housing-related displacement. this analysis contributes to qualitative research on how residents experience gentrification and negotiate situations relevant to displacement, and, thereby, to the exploration of power in the tenant�landlord relationship.
3. title: the relationships between neighbourhood vacancy, probable ptsd, and health-related quality of life in flood-disaster-impacted communities
authors: galen newman, dongying li, yunmi park
abstract: excessive amounts of neighbourhood vacant land and abandoned structures can significantly lower community and outsider perceptions, and ultimately impact the mental health conditions of inhabitants. while depopulation, economic conditions and land use dynamics can all play a role in the amount of neighbourhood-scaled vacancies and structural abandonment, natural disaster events such as flooding can also exacerbate the ratio of vacant to non-vacant properties in cities and neighbourhoods through resultant building damage and resident relocations. examinations on post-disaster mental health are limited, and even less is known about the extent of vacant and abandoned properties on mental health, especially within the disaster recovery context. using survey responses (n=257) from houston, tx, usa, from hurricane harvey stricken neighbourhoods, this study quantitatively examines how vacancy and abandonment are associated with mental health in disaster-effected communities. post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) was measured using the ptsd checklist for dsm-5 and health-related quality of life was measured using the health-related quality of life (hrqol) scale. vacancy rates and perceived vacancy were used to predict ptsd and hrqol in generalised mixed linear models while adjusting for covariates. findings indicate significant relationships between higher neighbourhood vacancy and elevated risks of ptsd and impaired hrqol. further, while the average rate of abandonment in houston stayed relatively flat, it increased considerably in hurricane impacted communities until two years after harvey. the outcomes of this study suggest a link between hazard mitigation-recovery and urban regeneration planning to prevent neighbourhood deterioration and improve mental health outcomes after disaster events.
4. title: order and openness in community-driven urban initiatives: insights from a �spot-fix�
authors: jacob vakkayil
abstract: this study examines how community-driven urban do-it-yourself initiatives maintain appropriate levels of openness while ensuring sufficient degrees of social order. for this, a specific event is analysed using an analytic framework that differentiates decided and emergent orders. the results indicate how various aspects of the event feature combinations of these orders that serve to sustain it and produce desired outcomes. these combinations indicate certain key factors that facilitate the balance of order and openness in community-driven initiatives. the paper concludes with reflections on the practical implications.
5. title: exodus in the american metropolis: predicting black population decline in chicago neighbourhoods
authors: michael snidal, magda maaoui, tyler haupert
abstract: urban population decline in the largest metropolitan regions of the united states is now explained almost exclusively by a �black exodus�. in chicago, competing �push� explanations have been put forth to explain black population loss in urban neighbourhoods, including housing instability, cost of living, unemployment and crime. however, no study to date estimates the predictive power of each of these factors. this article seeks to answer the research question: which neighbourhood characteristics predict black exodus in chicago? we explore relationships between black population loss in chicago and a comprehensive range of metrics representing economic and social conditions. a fixed-effects multivariate panel regression is specified for the years 2010 to 2018 at the census tract level and cross-checked with bivariate granger causality tests. we find that foreclosure filings predict black population decline, and suggest that government prioritise foreclosure relief policies to stem black exodus.
6. title: rail stations and residential sorting: the case of sydney metropolitan area
authors: laurence carleton, roselyne joyeux, george milunovich
abstract: we examine the relationship between rail accessibility and the pattern of demographic characteristics at long-established rail transit served communities. the analytical methods involve the juxtaposition of property premium estimates and assessment of spatial effects on demographic composition. despite finding considerable property premiums associated with access to rail transit across metropolitan sydney, we report little evidence of sorting in relation to economically advantaged or disadvantaged residents. further, the demographic groups commonly linked to gentrification, including high-income and professionals, are not found to dominate areas of high rail accessibility and only those with advanced educational qualifications are shown to increase in concentration with closer access to rail transit.
7. title: the financialisation of floor space, mumbai 1880�2015
authors: sukriti issar
abstract: this paper traces the financialisation of policy instruments regulating floor space, namely, building height restrictions in mumbai from 1880 to 2015. it describes and explains the shift from prescriptive regulation to hybrid market-based incentive. drawing on original archival research and interviews with 80 policy experts, findings show that height restrictions shifted from ad hoc rules, to prescribed heights, to floor space index, and finally to market-based air rights. paradoxically, the local state has used financialised floor space as an incentive to achieve social goals such as slum redevelopment, while the policy remains controversial and beset by conflict. the state has played a key role in financialising floor space, in the process creating a hybrid instrument with multiple constituencies. the conclusion explores how a history of building regulations can advance comparative urbanism.
8. title: hukou as benefits: demand for hukou and wages in china
authors: samantha a vortherms, gordon g liu
abstract: as china encourages urbanisation, a necessary process is the urbanisation of its people, granting local-urban hukou, or local citizenship, to migrant populations. but reforms encouraging urbanisation are dependent on migrant populations wanting to become formal, registered urban residents. what is the demand for hukou? based on a unique probabilistically-sampled contingent valuation survey of over 900 migrants in beijing and changsha, we use migrants� willingness-to-pay for hukou as a measure of demand for urbanisation. we find that migrants in beijing are willing to give up between 9% and 14% of their income over five years to gain local-urban hukou. migrants in changsha are much less willing to pay for hukou with a willingness-to-pay indistinguishable from zero, and rural migrants have a negative willingness-to-pay. this study contributes to the broader literature on the impact of china�s hukou system by providing a unique test of migrant workers� willingness-to-pay for local citizenship.
9. title: creative hubs in hanoi, vietnam: transgressive spaces in a socialist state?
authors: danielle labbe, celia zuberec, sarah turner
abstract: vietnam�s capital city has recently witnessed the emergence of a new type of cultural space akin to what have been labelled creative hubs in other contexts: that is, locales that foster creation, collaboration, community engagement and business development in the cultural sector. during the 2010s, hanoi saw a proliferation of small-scale, art-oriented creative hubs, most of them community-led and developed without state funding. in a context marked by a government historically wary of contemporary and experimental arts, these spaces face various forms of state control ranging from the censorship of events, to stiff fines or even closure. despite these barriers, creative hubs have become important sites for the gathering and formation of hanoi�s contemporary arts scene and countercultures. based on over 80 interviews conducted in 2019, this paper investigates the motives behind the rise of these spaces in hanoi and the political engagement techniques their founders, operators and users employ to remain in operation. drawing on the notion of �informal life politics�, we argue that creative hubs seek to provide spaces of (partial) autonomy from governmentality in hanoi. we further find that artists, intellectuals and other creative individuals use these spaces to challenge state controls. they do so not by lobbying formal institutions for policy changes, but instead by enacting the more open and free socio-cultural milieu they seek, from the bottom up.
10. title: does the neighbourhood of the dwelling and the real estate agency matter? geographical differences in ethnic discrimination on the rental housing market
authors: billie martiniello, pieter-paul verhaeghe
abstract: this study aims to investigate to which extent the ethnic and socio-economic composition of the neighbourhood is related to levels of discrimination in the rental housing market and how this is linked to theories of ethnic discrimination. hereby, we divide the context into the neighbourhood of the dwelling and the real estate agency, using data from 2385 correspondence tests conducted among realtors in the city of antwerp in belgium. regarding the neighbourhood of the dwelling, we find a tipping point at one third ethnic minorities whereafter ethnic discrimination decreases, which is in line with the perceived preference hypothesis and customer-based prejudice. a lower socio-economic composition relates to lower general invitation rates, which we describe as an elaboration of putnam�s hunkering down hypothesis. regarding the neighbourhood of the real estate agency, a higher percentage of ethnic minorities leads to lower general invitation rates, also referring to the hunkering down hypothesis. the socio-economic neighbourhood composition of the agency, however, has no impact.
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11. title: demanding development: the politics of public goods provision in india s urban slums
authors: elizabeth chatterjee
abstract: the article reviews the book demanding development: the politics of public goods provision in india s urban slums� by adam michael auerbach.
12. title: architectures of revolt: the cinematic city circa 1968
authors: alexandros daniilidis
abstract: the article reviews the book �architectures of revolt: the cinematic city circa 1968� by mark shiel.
13. title: the bonds of inequality: debt and the making of the american city
authors: eva cilman
abstract: the article reviews the book �the bonds of inequality: debt and the making of the american city� by destin jenkins.
14. title: barrio america: how latino immigrants saved the american city
authors: evelyn ravuri
abstract: the article reviews the book �barrio america: how latino immigrants saved the american city� by a. k. sandoval-strausz.
15. title: deindustrializing montreal
authors: richard harris
abstract: the article reviews the book �deindustrializing montreal� by steven high.
16. title: managing cities at night. a practitioner guide to the urban governance of the night-time economy
authors: alessio kolioulis
abstract: the article reviews the book �managing cities at night: a practitioner guide to the urban governance of the night-time economy� by michele acuto and andreina seijas.
17. title: bulls markets: chicago�s basketball business and the new inequality
authors: glenn houlihan
abstract: the article reviews the book �bulls markets: chicago�s basketball business and the new inequality� by sean dinces.
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