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volume 51, issue 2, april 2022
1. title: dealing with paradoxes, manufacturing governance: organizational change in european third-sector organizations
authors: francesca petrella, ruth simsa, ulla pape, joachim benedikt pahl, taco brandsen, nadine richez-battesti, annette zimmer
abstract: third-sector organizations (tsos) in europe have been confronted with profound changes to their regulatory and societal environments. by applying the concepts of �organizational paradoxes� and �governance,� we analyze how tsos have adjusted their governance as a response to these environmental challenges. based on organizational case studies in france, germany, and the netherlands, we argue that tsos have found multiple ways to address tensions at the organizational level, for example, by mobilizing and combining resources, re-arranging their organizational governance and by adopting new legal forms. these changes have resulted in hybridization and increased organizational complexity that might translate into the emergence of new paradoxes at the organizational level. therefore, dealing with paradoxes constitutes an ongoing process for tsos that goes beyond incremental adjustments.
2. title: mission, motivation, and the active decision to work for a social cause
authors: sabrina jeworrek, vanessa mertins
abstract: the mission of a job affects the type of worker attracted to an organization but may also provide incentives to an existing workforce. we conducted a natural field experiment with 246 short-term workers. we randomly allocated some of these workers to either a prosocial or a commercial job. our data suggest that the mission of a job has a performance-enhancing motivational impact on particular individuals only, those with a prosocial attitude. however, the mission is very important if it has been actively selected. those workers who have chosen to contribute to a social cause outperform the ones randomly assigned to the same job by about half a standard deviation. this effect seems to be a universal phenomenon that is not driven by information about the alternative job, the choice itself, or a particular subgroup.
3. title: serving the vulnerable while being vulnerable: organizing resilience in a social welfare sector
authors: minkyung kim, melanie kwestel, hyunsook youn, justine quow, marya l. doerfel
abstract: the interplay between formal organizing structures and the informal social networks of employees and organizations furthers the resilience of nonprofit organizations that serve the community. this case study draws on qualitative multi-pronged data collected in the aftermath of hurricane harvey from two faith networks of social welfare organizations serving the vulnerable in houston, texas. results show that hybrid organizing of formal structures and informal networks contributes to organizational and community resilience. by examining both forms of organizing, this article shows how formal structures offer foundational support to the more informal and nimble social networks across the interorganizational partnerships that support the community. as such, this study extends the process orientation toward resilience by documenting how individuals, organizations, and networks expand organizational internal capacities through disaster relief efforts enacted across levels (employee�organization�community).
4. title: the prevalence of ethnic, cultural, and folk nonprofit organizations in increasingly diverse communities: a case of demand heterogeneity
authors: mirae kim, stephanie potochnick, kate olson
abstract: building on the nonprofit density literature, we examine county-level factors that are linked to the growth of ethnic, cultural, and folk (ecf) nonprofits, a vital but often overlooked subfield of nonprofits. we draw county-level nonprofit, demographic, socioeconomic, and government data from 1995 to 2015 to examine how community factors, particularly immigrant and racial/ethnic composition, are associated with the number of ecfs. we pay particular attention to the influence of asian and hispanic populations, the two largest u.s. immigrant groups, and run national-origin subanalyses. results suggest that ecfs have increased in counties experiencing new immigrant population growth. however, our study suggests that the growth in ecfs has not been evenly distributed across racial/ethnic groups, and there are important national-origin disparities among asians and hispanics. we conclude with a discussion of the importance of attending to how ecfs can support the needs of different racial/ethnic groups to better integrate u.s. communities.
5. title: understanding the donor-advised fund giving process: insights from current daf users
authors: h. daniel heist, megan m. farwell, benjamin f. cummings, ram a. cnaan, erinn andrews, rebecca shamash
abstract: the growing use of donor-advised funds (dafs) is changing the way many donors give to charity. despite the increasing influence and importance of dafs in the nonprofit sector, very little is known about how people actually use them. we conducted 48 in-depth interviews with daf users, collecting rich qualitative data about why and how donors use dafs. we use these data to sketch a daf giving process with four phases and multiple decision points. we highlight some of the common donor strategies that are used with dafs. overall, we present evidence of abundant diversity in individual adaptation for giving through dafs.
6. title: bridging the gap: a qualitative analysis of what it takes to inspire youth to engage in volunteering
authors: onnolee nordstrom, katherine l. g. tulibaski, tim o. peterson
abstract: this article explores how to inspire youth to volunteer. drawing on ideas of inspiration and motivational framing, we develop insight into how constructing and cultivating a sense of efficacy and obligation pushes a young individual passively inspired by the good deeds and acts being performed in the third sector into becoming someone who is inspired to take action and volunteer. getting out into the real world of practice allowed us to explore the situated practices carried out in a youth summer internship program. we find that five program practices�authorizing, creating safe relational spaces, reflecting, revealing privilege, and simplifying�fostered an emergent action-oriented set of beliefs that supplied the impetus youth needed to become inspired to volunteer. this has implications for our understanding of the inspirational process as well as for philanthropic foundations looking to design effective programs. limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.
7. title: nonprofit online responsiveness: an exploratory field experiment in china
authors: lin nie, wai-fung lam
abstract: this article assesses sources of nonprofit responsiveness and identifies potential drivers for responsiveness, using an online field experiment involving philanthropic foundations in china (n = 3,254). baseline requests were sent out to the foundations through emails and vignettes were applied to treatment groups by inserting different identity claims or prompts into the contents of the emails. experimental results showed that, compared with the control group, potential donors were more likely to receive responses, claims concerning government ties or media backgrounds resulted in fewer responses, and citing legal obligations could increase the odds of receiving satisfactory responses. interpreting the results with reference to stakeholder salience theory, we argue that potential donors are the most salient stakeholders to foundations. donor requests and legal obligations are the most effective forces driving foundations� responsiveness in china.
8. title: resurrecting and appending identities: the role of nonprofits in managing stigmatized identity
authors: kristen e. okamoto, brittany l. peterson
abstract: homelessness is an issue that impacts more than half a million people in the united states every day. nonprofits are often on the front lines of efforts to aid individuals without homes. in this study, we focus on an area underexplored in the nonprofit literature, stigma, to explore the nonprofit�s role as a critical catalyst in managing stigma within and among client beneficiaries. based on our interpretive analysis of interviews and observations of the nonprofit running for change (rfc), we delineate how rfc created conditions under which beneficiaries without homes could resurrect former identities and append new identities for themselves as part of the stigma management process. our work carries implications for prior research on nonprofit organizing related to constituent participation and beneficiary empowerment and opens up new pathways for nonprofit partitioners to think about the agentic capacities of beneficiaries.
9. title: disaggregating the effects of inequality on informal giving: evidence from pakistan
authors: husnain fateh ahmad, hadia majid
abstract: in this article, we outline the determinants of informal charitable giving and the link between giving and inequality. arguing that inequality encompasses at least two competing effects�distrust and observed need for donations�we use a novel proxy to separate out the effect of the latter from the former on household�s magnitude of informal giving. using data from the pakistan centre for philanthropy�s 2014 indigenous individual philanthropy survey, we find that informal giving in pakistan follows patterns like those observed in the literature for formal giving. we also find evidence for a positive relationship between observed need and the magnitude of person-to-person giving. controlling for observed need, we find that the residual correlation between inequality and giving is negative, one explanation of which may be the positive link between inequality and decreased social cohesion and trust.
10. title: charitable giving in married couples: untangling the effects of education and income on spouses� giving
authors: debra j. mesch, una okonkwo osili, elizabeth j. dale, jacqueline ackerman, jon bergdoll, heather a. o�connor
abstract: this research note looks beyond the unitary household model and analyzes the influence of household resources by gender on charitable giving. we investigate the intrahousehold variables of income and education and their effects on giving behaviors in married couples. we use data from the longitudinal philanthropy panel study (2005�2017) to examine how spouses� income and educational differences affect charitable giving behaviors and introduce fixed effects to control for unobserved heterogeneity. initially, we find a positive relationship between both the husband�s and wife�s earned and unearned incomes and the likelihood and amount of giving by married couples. however, when fixed effects are used, we find women�s earned income to be significantly associated with all forms of giving, showing that women�s labor market earnings disproportionately influence giving behavior. education is less of a factor in whether couples give and influences giving only when the husband has more education than the wife.
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11. title: philanthropy: from aristotle to zuckerberg by vallely, p.
authors: calum m. carmichael
abstract: the article reviews the book philanthropy: from aristotle to zuckerberg by paul vallely.
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