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scholarly attention, coproduction, the joint production of services by government officials and citizens, has re-emerged as an important topic. however, the field lacks information on broad parameters of coproduction implementation and how public managers view coproduction. to address the lacuna, this study examines patterns of implementation of coproduction in a national sample of municipalities and counties in the u.s. according to their chief administrators, nearly half these governments have implemented one or more stages of coproduction, although co-delivery of services occurs least often. empirical analysis suggests that the implementation of coproduction, as perceived by local government managers, can be measured along a unidimensional scale and that this measurement scale is robust across different subgroups. we also find that local governments that have a larger population, provide more services, have more professional forms of administration, and are located in the western u.s. more often implement elements of coproduction. 2. title: local government volunteer use: a resource dependence and transaction costs explanation authors: seong c. kang, rebecca nesbit, jeffrey l. brudney abstract: volunteer use in the united states constitutes a service delivery alternative in which public agencies involve citizens to assist in delivering public services. this article provides a resource dependence and transaction costs explanation for why local governments in the united states may involve volunteers in service delivery. using a survey of local government service delivery arrangements, we analyze a repeated cross-sectional dataset derived from four separate years to examine the factors associated with volunteer use. key findings suggest that fiscal constraints are associated with volunteer use in more municipal government services, while county governments with more resources use volunteers in more services. contracting out to private organizations is associated with more volunteer use in both municipalities and counties. the findings provide evidence that volunteer use constitutes an effort by local governments in the united states to leverage resources from the environment and to reduce the transaction costs of depending on other organizations. 3. title: social public purchasing: addressing a critical void in public purchasing research authors: fatima hafsa, nicole darnall, stuart bretschneider abstract: since governments are the largest buyers globally, they have enormous purchasing power. government purchasing, therefore, has potential to be leveraged to improve social outcomes, such as helping disadvantaged communities, ensuring labor rights, and minimizing negative environmental impacts. however, as yet, there is little understanding about social public purchasing research in the field of public administration. we provide a theoretical framework for organizing research around social public purchasing. we then survey both the scholarly and practitioner research on social public purchasing in order to develop a clear understanding of the critical knowledge gaps and the potential for important social public purchasing research. 4. title: buying from local providers: the role of governance preferences in assessing performance information authors: amandine lerusse, steven van de walle abstract: governance preferences influence how public officials process performance data about service providers. based on motivated reasoning theory, we examine the extent to which local delivery preferences�preferences for contracting with local service providers over contracting with non-local ones�influence public managers' and politicians' interpretation of performance data. we firstly expect public officials to misinterpret evidence that contradicts their local delivery preferences and we, secondly, hypothesize that politicians are more prone to biases than public managers are. we test these hypotheses by conducting a randomized survey experiment among 4,000 public officials in belgium. the results indicate that public officials tend to show a bias for local providers, but not for non-local providers. yet, we found no significant differences between politicians and public managers. our study provides new evidence about the influence of governance preferences on the interpretation of performance information, and calls into question its effective use by politicians and public managers. 5. title: fiscal slack, rule constraints, and government corruption authors: wenchi wei abstract: this article examines the effect of fiscal slack on government corruption using the us states in the period from 1998 to 2012 as a research sample. fiscal slack in the us states is commonly referred to as �rainy day funds� (rdfs), which are intended as countercyclical reserve funds for government-wide purposes. theoretically, bureaucracy models predict that fiscal slack might catalyze the embezzlement or misuse behaviors of bureaucrats, who are considered to be budget maximizers. however, formally established and rules-bound rdfs may function as a �strongbox� that curbs officials� discretionary power, reduces uncertainty in fiscal slack management, and ultimately restrains embezzlement and misuse behaviors. empirically, we use the incidences and durations of natural hazards as instrumental variables for rdf balances to address the potential endogeneity problems. we find that state rdfs help reduce government corruption, especially when they are regulated by relatively looser deposit rules and stricter withdrawal rules. 6. title: regulatory capture's self-serving application authors: susan webb yackee abstract: observers regularly assert that government regulations are captured�meaning the content of the regulation is diverted away from the public interest and toward the interests of regulated industry. i argue that the label of regulatory capture is often applied differently by policy losers than by policy winners. i hypothesize that when an entity is unsuccessful in achieving its goals during regulatory policy making, that entity is more likely to deem the process captured. with data from 41 fda regulations and guidance documents, i find that�even when provided a common definition�those interest groups engaged in the same rulemaking vary as to whether or not they would categorize the process as captured. moreover, this variation is negatively associated with whether the entity achieved its policy goals during the rulemaking. these findings imply that scholars ought to reassess capture's occurrence, as well as the political and policy implications attached to its invocation. 7. title: can public healthcare afford marketization? market principles, mechanisms, and effects in five health systems authors: nick krachler, ian greer, charles umney abstract: policymakers now have four decades� experience using marketization to address cost and quality problems in public-sector health services. while much is known about the challenges, it is difficult to draw lessons because there remains no agreed-upon definition of marketization. this article contributes a definition that focuses on the transaction, particularly the effects of funding arrangements on the intensity of competition among providers. based on prior literature and 106 interviews with practitioners and researchers in five countries, the authors contribute a systematization of 12 concrete market mechanisms enacting three market principles. furthermore, the authors analyze respondents' perceptions of healthcare marketization's effects on costs and quality. while marketization is a multi-faceted, sometimes ambiguous phenomenon requiring further research before definite conclusions can be reached, most statements from our respondents about cost and quality effects were negative. 8. title: softening performance's pitfalls by integrating context and capacity: a government competitiveness framework authors: robert k. christensen, tobin im, gregory porumbescu abstract: this article argues that government performance is better understood and managed within a broader competitiveness framework. government competitiveness recursively integrates performance with organizational capacity and context. we illustrate this more holistic view with recent covid-19 examples as well as recent scholarship, including some recent par publications related to this topic. 9. title: a basic technique for guiding evidence-informed problem solving authors: harold c. abrams abstract: to help guide certain problem-solving efforts in a timely and relevant manner, public agencies should consider the use of simple multiplicative component models. such models involve basic algebra, arithmetic, practical logic, and straightforward cross-tabulations and tables. two actual case examples are presented. additional diverse applications are briefly discussed to illustrate the potential value of this tool to guide a number of evidence-informed efforts. 10. title: should we change the way we think about market performance when it comes to quasi-markets? a new framework for evaluating public service markets authors: helen dickinson, gemma carey, eleanor malbon, david gilchrist, satish chand, anne kavanagh, damon alexander abstract: markets are increasingly used by governments to deliver social services, underpinned by the belief that they can drive efficiency and quality. these �quasi-markets' require on-going management to ensure they meet policy goals, and address issues of market inequity. this has seen debates emerge around �market stewardship' and �market shaping� that center on how best to manage markets toward optimal policy outcomes. at present, there is a significant gap in both literature and practice with regard to what types of actions are most effective for market stewardship. in this article, we outline a framework that helps diagnose different quasi-market problems. we delineate two dimensions of public service quasi-markets�sufficiency and diversity�using the example of a disability personalization market to show how this framework can unpack different types of quasi-market states. lastly, we outline the types of interventions that might be adopted to help deal with ineffective quasi-markets. 11. title: bounded rationality, satisficing, artificial intelligence, and decision-making in public organizations: the contributions of herbert simon authors: gary schwarz, tom christensen, xufeng zhu abstract: the authors talk about a special symposium held by the journal in honor of the 75th anniversary of the publication of herbert simon's seminal book "administrative behavior: a study of decision-making processes in administrative organizations." topics include a special relationship of the book with the journal, the uniqueness of simon's oeuvre for its combination of insights from social psychology and structural theory, and suggestion from simon to overcome bounded rationality. 12. title: strategic decision making and implementation in public organizations in the gulf cooperation council: the role of procedural rationality authors: khalid al-hashimi, vishanth weerakkody, said elbanna, gary schwarz abstract: based on herbert simon's conceptualization of bounded rationality, this article develops and tests an integrative model of the strategic decision-making process (sdmp) and outcomes in public organizations. the model integrates different sdmp dimensions�procedural rationality, intuition, participation, and constructive politics�and examines their impacts on the successful implementation of strategic decisions. additionally, it analyzes the influence of implementation on the overall outcomes of strategic decisions. the model was tested with data from multiple sources on 170 strategic decisions collected from senior executives working in 38 public organizations in qatar�a context in which studies on decision making are rare. with the exception of intuition, this study shows a positive impact of all sdmp dimensions on the successful implementation and outcomes of strategic decisions. successful implementation fully mediates the relationships between procedural rationality, participation, and constructive politics and the outcomes of strategic decisions. 13. title: procedural rationality in westminster systems: how de-separation affects the decision premise authors: keith dowding, marija taflaga abstract: westminster administrative systems were characterized by a clear separation between the political careers and roles of elected ministers and career civil servants. the former set the values or aims of the organization; the latter utilize those values when generating policy ideas. this separation provides what h.a. simon calls �procedural rationality.� the decision premise of public servants is (1) an apolitical commitment to government service, and (2) a commitment to advise on and implement the current government values, including expert advice using their personal and institutional memory and procedural knowledge. using evidence from australia and the united kingdom, we track the de-separation of political careers. policy advice increasingly comes from outside the career public service, including politically appointed special advisors. furthermore, senior politicians are increasingly drawn from the world of special and external advisors. de-separation changes the decision premise of all actors, which we argue deleteriously affects the nature of policy formation. 14. title: decision-makers� generation of policy solutions amidst negative performance: invention or rigidity? authors: joris van der voet, elvira lems abstract: behavioral theory proposes that decision-makers engage in search to identify satisfactory policy solutions to organizational problems. for complex problems, required solutions cannot be identified merely through search, but must be created and designed. while behavioral theory suggests that negative performance will spur creative solution generation, threat-rigidity theory provides a competing view that decision-makers' creative efforts are ultimately thwarted through restricted information processing and constriction of control. we test these competing expectations through a survey-experimental comparison of the creativity of policy solutions in response to negative budgetary performance, generated by a nationally representative sample of local government decision-makers. the findings indicate that negative performance decreases the creativity of policy solutions as rated by policy experts, and reveals that key mechanisms of threat-rigidity theory are at play. this reduced generation of creative policy solutions amidst negative performance places limits on public organizations' capacity to adapt to adverse circumstances. 15. title: how do public managers learn from performance information? experimental evidence on problem focus, innovative search, and change authors: jesper asring hansen, poul aaes nielsen abstract: management decisions are considered important for the performance of public organizations, but how does information about performance influence management decision-making? developed from simon's notion of bounded rationality, the behavioral model of performance-based learning suggests that managers adjust their understanding of organizational problems, search for information, and consider initiating change when their organization performs below aspirations. in this paper, we offer experimental evidence of how performance information affects the attitudes and decision-making of public managers. we leverage two experiments conducted among managers in public education. study 1 uses a question-order experiment to prime only treated respondents to consider performance, whereas study 2 uses treatments with high- and low-performance signals. we find that low performance affects problem focus but not managers' intention to conduct innovative search. we also find that low-performance signals increase preferences for immediate performance-oriented changes but not for other types of changes. we discuss the implications for management decision-making. 16. title: unknowns, black swans, and bounded rationality in public organizations authors: alberto feduzi, jochen runde, gary schwarz abstract: unknowns� and �black swans� have become familiar terms in the public administration literature but tend to be used in different and often conflicting ways. this article provides a typology of the terms, develops a framework for thinking about how their elements relate, and distinguishes four varieties of the black swan. using the challenger space shuttle disaster, 9/11, the international withdrawal from afghanistan, and the trade boycott associated with the danish cartoon controversy as examples, we examine how these four varieties may arise in public sector organizations. we offer recommendations on how such organizations might reduce psychological and organizational barriers to uncovering unknowns before they can go on to become black swans. �n n/ffnċ� 17. title: root, hilton l., network origins of the global economy: east vs. west in a complex systems perspective | springer link (new york: cambridge university press, 2020). xxxi 306 pp. usd 39.99 (hardback) authors: heidi jane m. smith abstract: the article reviews the book �network origins of the global economy: east vs. west in a complex systems perspective� by hilton l. root. 18. title: arellano-gault, david, corruption in latin america (new york: routledge, 2020). 216 pp. $47.96 (paper), isbn: 9781138583719 authors: stephen d. morris abstract: the article reviews the book �corruption in latin america� by david arellano-gault. 19. title: koch, james v. and cebula, richard j., runaway college costs: how college governing boards fail to protect their students (baltimore, md: johns hopkins university press, 2020). 238 pp. $39.95 (hardcover), isbn: 978-1-4214-3888-7 authors: g. jason jolley abstract: the article reviews the book �runaway college costs: how college governing boards fail to protect their students� by james v. koch and richard j. cebula.     $&./1beghikt�����ʻʻʩ��wobtf9thj�5�ojqj^jo(h f�h f�5�ojqj^jh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(h�"�h�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h�z5�cjojqj^jajh 2e5�cjojqj^jaj#h vh v5�cjojqj^jajh v5�cjojqj^jaj#h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jaj h$-�5�cjojqj^jajo(#h vh v5�cjojqj^jajhij��2 3 � �  f����.������������������������������gd�psgd)w�gd$?�gdto�gd�l$gd%j,gdu<�gd�"�$a$gdt4����  1 2 3 4 6 < = � � � � � � � � ���˽�����|�n^|�n^|pch�]nh�]nojqj^jhih�l$ojqj^jo(hvi�h�l$5�ojqj^jo(h�]nh�]n5�ojqj^jh�l$h�l$5�ojqj^jh�l$5�ojqj^jo(hj�5�ojqjo(hiht4ojqj^jo(h f�h f�ojqj^jhihj�ojqj^jo(h�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jht45�ojqj^jo(h f�h f�5�ojqj^jhicy5�ojqj^j    efno��������������ķ٨��ي��|ob�ug9h$?�h$?�5�ojqj^jh�"�h%j,5�ojqj^jhs/�5�ojqj^jo(hihanojqj^jh��h��ojqj^jh� )hto�ojqj^jo(h��h��5�ojqj^jhvi�hto�5�ojqj^jo(h�q�h�q�5�ojqj^jhto�hto�5�ojqj^j 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