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volume 87, issue 1, february 2022
1. title: alternative view of modernity: the subaltern speaks
authors: aldon morris
abstract: this article derives from my 2021 asa presidential address. i examine how sociologists including karl marx, emile durkheim, max weber, and white american sociologists have omitted key determinants of modernity in their accounts of this pivotal development in world history. those determinants are white supremacy, western empires, racial hierarchies, colonization, slavery, jim crow, patriarchy, and resistance movements. this article demonstrates that any accounts omitting these determinants will only produce an anemic and misleading analysis of modernity. the central argument maintains that the sociologist w. e. b. du bois developed a superior analysis of modernity by analytically centering these determinants. i conclude by making a case for the development of an emancipatory sociology in the tradition of du boisian critical sociological thought.
2. title: technologies of expertise: opioids and pain management�s credibility crisis
authors: jane pryma
abstract: journalistic accounts of the opioid crisis often paint prescription opioids as the instrument of profit-minded pharmaceutical companies who enlisted pain specialists to overprescribe addictive drugs. broadening beyond a focus on pharmaceutical power, this article offers a comparative-historical explanation, rooted in inter- and intra-professional dynamics, of the global increase in rates of opioid prescribing. through archival analysis and in-depth interviews with pain specialists and public-health officials in the united states and france, i explain how and why opioids emerged as the �right tool for the job� of pain relief in the 1980s and 1990s, affecting how pain science is produced, pain management is administered, and a right to pain relief is promised in different national contexts. i argue that opioids, selected and destigmatized as the technology for pain relief, helped establish a global network of pain expertise, linking a fledgling field of pain specialists to the resources of global-health governance, public-health administration, humanitarian organizations, and pharmaceutical companies. i then compare how u.s. and french pain specialists leveraged opioids to strengthen the boundaries of their emergent fields. pain specialists� differing degrees of autonomy in each country�s network of pain expertise shaped the extent to which opioids could dominate pain management and lead to crisis. tracing the relationship between opioids and pain expertise, i show how technologies can drive crises of expert credibility if and when they escape the control of the networked fields that selected them.
3. title: another person�s peril: peanut allergy, risk perceptions, and responsible sociality
authors: michaela desoucey, miranda r. waggoner
abstract: this article examines perceptions of health risk when some individuals within a shared space are in heightened danger but anyone, including unaffected others, can be a vector of risk. using the case of peanut allergy and drawing on qualitative content analysis of the public comments submitted in response to an unsuccessful 2010 u.s. department of transportation proposal to prohibit peanuts on airplanes, we analyze contention over the boundaries of responsibility for mitigating exposure to risk. we find three key dimensions of proximity to risk (material, social, and situational) characterizing ardent claims both for and against policy enactment. these proximity concerns underlay commenters� sensemaking about fear, trust, rights, moral obligations, and liberty in the act of sharing space with others, while allowing them to stake positions on what we call �responsible sociality��an ethic of discernible empathy for proximate others and of consideration for public benefit in social and communal settings. we conclude by discussing the insights our case affords several other areas of scholarship attentive to the intractable yet timely question of �for whom do we care?�
4. title: articulating the pueblo cubano: women�s politicization and productivity in revolutionary cuba, 1959 to 1969
authors: jen triplett
abstract: how do political actors forge social solidarity across preexisting axes of social difference? this article investigates how political elites undertaking projects of political articulation�understood as linking together diverse constituencies to create integrated political blocs�contend with preexisting cultural constraints embedded in the social fabric. i do so by tracing how the post-1959 cuban regime attempted to build a population-wide revolutionary identity despite persisting cultural understandings of women primarily as apolitical housewives. through systematic analysis of a large corpus of state discourse in the form of speeches and women�s magazines, i show how regime leaders negotiated, with varying degrees of success over time, the cultural constraints that gender posed to their unifying project. ultimately, the regime�s initiatives to politicize women through including them in mass campaigns and radicalizing their traditional household tasks were relatively successful, but cultural backlash against women�s increasing presence in the labor force prompted the institutionalization of a gendered division of labor in the economy that traditionalized their initially radical entry into the workplace. analyzing how political elites confront and manage social differences within political blocs promises to contribute to a better understanding of the political production of social solidarity and its downstream effects on categorical inequalities.
5. title: public investments and class gaps in parents� developmental expenditures
authors: margot i. jackson, daniel schneider
abstract: families and governments are the primary sources of investment in children, providing access to basic resources and other developmental opportunities. recent research identifies significant class gaps in parental investments that contribute to high levels of inequality by family income and education. state-level public investments in children and families have the potential to reduce class inequality in children�s developmental environments by affecting parents� behavior. using newly assembled administrative data from 1998 to 2014, linked to household-level data from the consumer expenditure survey, we examine how public-sector investment in income support, health, and education is associated with the private expenditures of low- and high-ses parents on developmental items for children. are class gaps in parental investments in children narrower in contexts of higher public investment for children and families? we find that more generous public spending for children and families is associated with significantly narrower class gaps in private parental investments. furthermore, we find that equalization is driven by bottom-up increases in low-ses households� developmental spending in response to progressive state investments of income support and health, and by top-down decreases in high-ses households� developmental spending in response to universal state investment in public education.
6. title: heterogeneous effects of intergenerational social mobility: an improved method and new evidence
authors: liying luo
abstract: intergenerational social mobility has immense implications for individuals� well-being, attitudes, and behaviors. however, previous methods may be unreliable for estimating heterogeneous mobility effects, especially in the presence of moderate- or large-scale intergenerational mobility. i propose an improved method, called the �mobility contrast model� (mcm). using simulation evidence, i demonstrate that the mcm is more flexible and reliable for estimating and testing heterogeneous mobility effects, and the results are robust to the scale of intergenerational mobility. i revisit the debate about the effect of mobility on fertility and analyze data from the 1962 occupational changes in a generation study (ocg-1) and more recent data from the 1974 through 2018 general social survey (gss) using previous models and the mcm. the mcm suggests a small association between fertility and occupational mobility in the gss data but substantial and heterogeneous educational mobility effects on fertility in the ocg-1 and the gss. such effects are difficult to pinpoint using previous methods because mobility effects of different magnitudes and opposite directions among mobility groups may cancel each other out. the new method can be extended to investigate the effect of intergenerational mobility across multiple generations and other research areas, including immigrant assimilation and heterogamy.
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