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volume 30, issue 3, aug. 2010
1. title: central-local relations in the people's republic of china: trends, processes and impacts for policy implementation
authors: linda chelan li
abstract: central�local relations are a matter of great importance to developmentalists because they highlight an intriguing puzzle in public administration especially in large states: how policies decided at higher echelons of the formal system can possibly be implemented by the multitude of intermediary and local actors across the system. in the case of china�the most populous nation in the world, the contrast between the authoritarian fa�ade of the chinese regime and yet the proliferation of implementation gaps over many policy arenas adds additional complexity to the puzzle. this article reviews changes in central�local relations in the 60 years of history of people's republic of china (prc) as the outcome of four co-evolving processes, and clarifies the roles of each process: state building and national integration, development efficiency, career advancement and external influences. it points out the continuous pre-dominance of administrative decentralization from 1950s to present time, and the new emphasis on institutionalized power sharing in the context of new state-market boundaries since 1980s. in conclusion, the article suggests going beyond the traditional reliance on the compliance model to understand central�local interactions and the abundant implementation gaps in a context of central�local co-agency, thereby improving policy implementation.
2. title: �new spaces� for change?: diamond governance reforms and the micro-politics of participation in post-war sierra leone
authors: roy maconachie
abstract: while the majority of research carried out on diamonds and development in sierra leone has focused on debates concerning the role that diamonds played in the country's civil war of the 1990s, little attention has been directed towards understanding how the emergence and consequences of �new spaces� for citizen engagement in diamond governance are shaping relationships between mining and political economic change in the post-war period. recent fieldwork carried out in two communities in kono district illustrates how the emergence of such spaces�although much celebrated by government, donors and development practitioners�may not necessarily be creating the �room for manoeuvre� necessary to open up meaningful public engagement in resource governance. the analysis focuses on one recent governance initiative in the diamond sector�the diamond area community development fund (dacdf)�which aims to strengthen citizen participation in decision-making within the industry, but has frequently been at the centre of controversy. in framing and articulating socio-environmental struggles over resource access and control in sierra leone's post-war period of transition, the article highlights how the emerging geographies of participation continue to be shaped by unequal power relationships, in turn having an impact on livelihood options, decision-making abilities and development outcomes in the country's diamondiferous communities.
3. title: understanding the changing role of public sector performance measurement in less developed countries
authors: sandra tillema, ni putu s. h. mimba and g. jan van helden
abstract: this article develops a framework for understanding changes in the demand for and supply of performance information in public sector organizations in less developed countries (ldcs). new institutional sociology (nis) is used to argue that pressures from specific stakeholders stimulate organizations to produce particular performance information. the article distinguishes three groups of stakeholders (i.e. funding bodies, statutory boards and purchasers), and elaborates on the performance dimensions these stakeholders are interested in. the group of funding bodies, with their interest in financial performance information, used to be the most important group of stakeholders. however, statutory boards and purchasers are gaining importance as a result of recent public sector reforms, which include decentralization, marketization and the implementation of anti-corruption programs. as a consequence of pressures coming from these stakeholders, new performance dimensions, such as the quality and quantity of services and the political governance structure, will be added to organizations' performance measurement (pm) systems. whether these and other�often more traditional financial�performance dimensions will be balanced and integrated throughout organizations depends on the power positions of the various stakeholders. the arguments presented in this article intend to stimulate public sector organizations in ldcs to design and redesign pm systems as a response to changing stakeholder interests.
4. title: decentralization in tanzania: an assessment of local government discretion and accountability
authors: varsha venugopal, serdar yilmaz
abstract: a large part of the decentralization literature is fragmented along political, fiscal, or administrative lines. in this article we employ a diagnostic framework to draw these dimensions together in a coherent manner to focus on analyzing local government discretion and accountability in tanzania. tanzania seems to have a deconcentrated local government system with central appointees having large powers at the local level. centrally-funded mandates�such as constructing secondary schools�dominate local government plans and budgets. central control over administrative functions has ensured that administrative decentralization is yet to occur. in the fiscal sphere, progress has been made in transparency and harmonization of transfers in the last 5 years but local governments still have some way to go in raising own revenues, being less reliant on transfers, and ensuring downward accountability.
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