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��ࡱ�>�� wy����v��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������u �r�jfbjbj�n�n2b��a��a<> �������""������������8�tm��qliiiii���1q3q3q3q3q3q3q$s��ufwq������wq��ii4lqggg��i�i1qg�1qgggi�����( z������(gq�q0�qgv�xvgg�/v�n��g�����wqwq;,����q������������������������������������������������������������������������v���������"q s: urban studies volume 59, issue 5, april 2022 1. title: on urban studies in brazil: the favela, uneven urbanisation and beyond authors: mariana fix, pedro fiori arantes abstract: this essay discusses some key ideas and debates about urban studies in brazil, considered historiographically, from the mid-1900s to the present. it presents the main components and particularities of what emerges as the brazilian matrix of urban studies, interrogating the most influential work in the field with the country�s own experiences of industrialisation and urbanisation. it discusses some key urban debates of the 21st century, namely new planning models associated with globalisation, global mega-events, public�private partnerships, inner-city gentrification, housing and city financialisation, rising forms of urban warfare and social control in slums (favelas), and new activisms and urban insurgencies. through this analysis, we point to contradictions and tensions in relation to european and north american urban theory, calling for the need to formulate new categories and hypotheses to better understand the unequal and extreme processes resulting from violent expansion of capitalist relations over the entire planet, and comment on the new practices and forms of social mobilisation emerging from turbulent contexts. 2. title: critical urban theory in the anthropocene authors: stephanie wakefield abstract: critical urban thinkers often imagine urbanisation and the anthropocene as inevitably being companion processes. but is planetary urbanisation the necessary telos and spatial limit of life in the anthropocene? is urban resilience the final form of urban responses to climate change? will (or should) the urban (as either spatial form or process) survive the upending impacts of climate change or adaptation? or, if the anthropocene is a time of deep environmental and epistemological upheaval without historical precedent, might even more recently created spatial concepts of the planetary urban condition themselves soon be out of date? this article raises these questions for urban scholars via critical engagement with a proposal to retire miami � considered climate change �ground zero� in the us and doomed by rising seas � and repurpose it as fill for �the islands of south florida�: a self-sufficient territory of artificial high-rises delinked from global infrastructural networks. this vision of an �urbicidal anthropocene�, the article argues, suggests that the injunction subtending planetary urbanisation work � to relentlessly question inherited spatial frameworks � has not been taken far enough. still needed is anthropocene critical urban theory, to consider urban forms and processes emerging via climate change and adaptation, but also how such mutations may point beyond the theoretical and spatial bounds of the contemporary urban condition itself. 3. title: neighbourhood selection and neighbourhood matching: choices, outcomes and social distance authors: william a. v. clark, rachel ong viforj, n. t. khuong truong abstract: in this article, we ask how well australian households are matched to their neighbourhood social environments. we broadly replicate a previous study of matching and ask to what extent households live in communities that are similar in socio-economic status to their characteristics. and, when households move, do they relocate in such a way as to increase similarity to their neighbours? the processes are at the heart of understanding the urban structure, how it changes over time and the links to urban inequality. the article uses data on household incomes from the household, income and labour dynamic (hilda) survey to measure the degree of similarity between households and their neighbours. we study the variation in matching for the population as a whole, and by quintiles of median neighbourhood income. we also measure how individuals that change neighbourhoods increase their similarity to the destination neighbourhood. we find that with respect to matching there is considerable diversity in the levels of matching; and that with respect to residential change, households in general do not make major shifts to increase matching when we control for housing tenure and other household characteristics. there is a need for further replications to understand the nature of matching and the outcomes. 4. title: �where the state freaks out�: gentrification, queerspaces and activism in postwar beirut authors: john nagle abstract: in this article i illuminate the production and erasure of queerspaces in beirut as part of postwar gentrification. a dual beirut has emerged within assemblages of sectarian power, sexual citizenship and political economy. commercial queerspaces tacitly incorporated into the neoliberal and sectarian state exist while the �queer unwanted�� spaces and people deemed transgressive to the moral order � are violently erased by state and non-state actors. these dual spaces expose the limits on life for queer communities. to analyse these dynamics, i turn to the testimonies of lgbtq activists in beirut in relation to the possibilities offered by queerspace. while activists note the exclusions � class, gender and sexuality � of commercial queerspace that restrain political agency, they have powerfully asserted radical intersectional politics into recent revolutionary anti-sectarian waves of protest. this politics is marked by articulating queerness as a project of connecting marginality for all excluded groups in lebanon�s postwar order and by a queering of sectarian/neoliberal space that has hitherto cleansed undesirable lgbtq bodies. this article draws on extensive fieldwork in beirut (2011 to 2020), thus permitting longitudinal research of lgbtq activism. 5. title: the zinshaus market and gentrification dynamics: the transformation of the historic housing stock in vienna, 2007�2019 authors: robert musil, florian brand, hannes huemer, maximilian wonasch�tz abstract: this article intends to contribute to the debate on the quantification of gentrification, which is constrained by two main obstacles: firstly, the operationalisation of displacement of socially weak households, which appears as an elusive phenomenon. secondly, the consideration of the specific urban context, in particular the regulation of the housing market. based on a case study for vienna, this paper introduces a new empirical approach, which does not focus on households, but on the tenement conversion of the historic housing stock. here, the transformation as legal conversion and demolition of historic tenement houses (german: zinsh�user) serve as an alternative indicator for the operationalisation and quantification of displacement processes. the empirical analysis of zinshaus transformations observed for 2007-2019 for the first time provides an estimation of gentrification dynamics in vienna. results point to a pronounced cyclicality in transformation dynamics. hence, spatial cluster and hotspot analyses reveal a strong concentration of zinshaus transformations and a clear shift from central bourgeois to peripheral working-class neighbourhoods. further, a multilinear regression model confirms the impact of zinshaus transformations on the social dynamics in these neighbourhoods. however, data do not indicate a social shift triggered by upper-class households, but by new migrant groups and well-educated middle-class households. beyond the case of vienna, this analysis underlines the relevance of quantitative gentrification approaches based on housing-market segments and their conversion. it proposes applying the zinshaus as an indicator to make the variety of the urban context visible. 6. title: a rhythmanalysis approach to understanding the vending-walking forms and everyday use of urban street space in yuncheng, china authors: ziwen sun abstract: in chinese cities, informal street vendors often appear in a transient space intertwined with a large number of pedestrians and heterogeneity, in contrast with the dichotomous construction of static built environment and dynamic street activity examined in most studies on walkability. this paper explores the rhythm of everyday street spaces and the temporary experiences of pedestrians and street vendors in yuncheng, china. the author argues that street vendors are particularly well suited for capturing city rhythms and can discern the tempo of social life and pedestrians in urban street spaces. following lefebvre�s rhythmanalysis approach and drawing on 86 semi-structured interviews combined with on-site observation in three street spaces, this paper investigates how rhythms are linked to spatial form, time and the everyday street activity of walking and vending. it expands an analytical framework in both daily rhythms and long-standing rhythms, including arrhythmia, eurhythmia and polyrhythmia. the conclusions provide an alternative way of understanding why pedestrians emerge, through considering how street vendors temporarily meet the everyday needs of different pedestrians in specific, real and detailed ways. such fine-grained narratives, in turn, demonstrate the need to advance theoretical and empirical understandings of multiple rhythms in relation to walkable space and walking forms. 7. title: changes in crime surrounding an urban home renovation and rebuild programme authors: michelle kondo, michelle degli esposti, jonathan jay, christopher n. morrison, bridget freisthler, claire jones, jingzhen yang, deena chisolm, charles branas, bernadette hohl abstract: neighbourhood environments are a known social determinant of health. vacant and abandoned buildings and lots and poor or hazardous housing conditions, combined with crime and violence, can affect residents� health and wellbeing. nationwide children�s hospital and its partners launched the healthy homes initiative in 2008, which sought to improve nearby residents� health and wellbeing by rejuvenating vacant and abandoned properties and increasing homeownership in the south side neighbourhood of columbus, ohio. between 2008 and mid-2019 the initiative funded 273 repairs or renovations in this neighbourhood. we conducted a zip-code-level comparative case study of the healthy homes housing interventions using synthetic control methodology to evaluate changes in crime rate in the intervention area compared with those in a synthetic control area. while findings were mixed, we found some evidence of reduced thefts in the healthy homes area, relative to its synthetic control. this initiative to repair, rebuild and increase ownership of housing has the potential to reduce crime rates for neighbours of the nationwide children�s hospital. 8. title: how do tax-based revitalisation policies affect urban property development? evidence from bronzeville, chicago authors: minjee kim abstract: fiscal incentives are frequently used to stimulate property development in distressed communities but the efficacy and impacts of this approach have been contested. in this study, a theory of real estate production was utilised to evaluate the opportunity zones (oz) policy in the usa. qualitative data collected from interviews and fieldwork are analysed to understand how the property development scene of a predominantly african-american neighbourhood had been affected by the oz designation. interviewees, including black local developers, represented diverse types and scales of real estate production. it was found that new investment capital was flowing into bronzeville but not into projects proposed by small, local developers and community organisations. this was largely for two reasons: first, the less experienced and resource-constrained players had insufficient resources and expertise to connect with the oz-induced investors. second, when they were connected, their projects were deemed highly risky and thus unattractive. the perception of risk was likely amplified in bronzeville, a historically marginalised black neighbourhood. for tax-based urban revitalisation policies to increase marginalised communities� access to capital, appropriate public interventions must be accompanied to level out the playing field for the under-resourced and historically marginalised players of real estate production. one such intervention might be to create and support a network of financial intermediaries that specialise in connecting capital to projects proposed by black developers, other non-profit developers and community organisations. without such measures, policies such as oz are likely to exacerbate existing inequalities rather than uplifting disadvantaged communities. 9. title: what determines pupils� travel distance to school in china? a multilevel analysis of educational access in beijing authors: lili xiang, myles gould, john stillwell abstract: while access to school is one crucial aspect of education equality, there is a lack of research on factors that influence the distance that pupils travel to school. previous studies have failed to reveal the relationship between pupils� socio-spatial characteristics and travel distance. this paper uncovers the multilevel structure, ignored hitherto, that underpins the determinants of pupils� travel distance. using detailed travel survey data for beijing and an appropriate multilevel modelling approach, this research reveals that contextual variation remains, having taken account of compositional (individual-level) variables; and that contextual factors, that is, school density and neighbourhood context, are more influential when compared with individual-level factors except for education stage and housing type. the policy implications include improved planning for schools in comparatively deprived areas, increased provision of affordable housing and enhanced education opportunities for migrant children. 10. title: performing the ecological fix under state entrepreneurialism: a case study of taihu new town, china authors: fangzhu zhang, fulong wu abstract: china�s eco-cities are often regarded as branding tactics of the entrepreneurial local state for economic growth and land revenue generation. however, it is not clear whether the ecological goal has been pursued at all. this paper fills this lacuna using a case study of taihu new town. through an ecological fix perspective we suggest that ecological enhancement through the production of nature is attempted in conjunction with the production of the built environment. the ecological fix is not confined to an economic agenda. under state entrepreneurialism, the central state maintains environmental governance in the name of �ecological civilisation�, while the local state performs the ecological fix. in wuxi, the fixes include the removal of low-efficiency, polluting town and village enterprises (tves); creation of green space and infrastructure; the development of renewable energy; and low-carbon transition. 11. title: do local start-ups and knowledge spillovers matter for firm-level r&d investment? authors: frank crowley, declan jordan abstract: what happens to firm-level research and development (r&d) when urban locations have more knowledge spillovers and are more entrepreneurial? this article explores the potential tension between knowledge spillovers, start-ups and innovation effort in existing firms. the relationship is empirically tested using swedish firm-level data and municipality-level data on start-ups. the results indicate that having more start-ups in urban municipalities is associated with lower firm-level r&d expenditure. however, this relationship is not linear, where the negative association between the level of new firm formation and firm-level r&d expenditure decreases with scale. this suggests that the relationship between local entrepreneurship and a business� r&d decisions is conditioned by the extent of that entrepreneurship.       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