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volume 44, issue 8, august 2023
1. title: task bottlenecks and resource bottlenecks: a holistic examination of task systems through an organization design lens
authors: samina karim, chi-hyon lee, manuela n. hoehn-weiss
abstract: using an organization design lens, we explore how key characteristics of both task systems and their associated resources may benefit firms. we unpack task system interdependencies by studying the interaction of decentralization and complexity, examining resource fungibility and resource slack, and exploring their joint alignment. our context is the scheduled u.s. passenger airline industry over two decades. results show that firm performance improves when (a) task system decentralization and complexity are aligned, either more or less of both; (b) having both resource fungibility and resource slack, not simply more of one or the other; and (c) aligning less decentralized and less complex task systems with fungible and available resources. our findings underscore the importance of holistically managing tasks and resources to minimize bottlenecks within organizations.
2. title: growing platforms within platforms: how platforms manage the adoption of complementor products in the presence of network effects?
authors: shiva agarwal, cameron d. miller, martin ganco
abstract: platform owners often use endorsements to actively manage complementor firms. we argue that the direct network effects of complementors' products play a central role in the platform management by its owner. we test our predictions using data on the apple's promotion of apps. we find that apps with network effects are more likely to receive an award. this likelihood increases when the app is introduced by a developer with a larger market share but declines when introduced in a concentrated segment. the likelihood decreases further if the app is introduced in a concentrated segment by a developer that holds a larger market share. further, we observe that in concentrated segments, the �challenger� developer has a higher likelihood of receiving the award relative to the leader.
3. title: navigating windows of opportunity: the role of international experience
authors: elisabet garrido, claudio giachetti, juan p. maicas
abstract: scholars have noted that pronounced changes in consumer demand and technology often offer firms temporary opportunities to strengthen their performance vis-�-vis rivals. this article contributes to the literature on windows of opportunity from an organizational learning perspective. it investigates whether the depth and breadth of a firm's international experience with pronounced changes in demand conditions (demand windows) and technologies (technological windows) affect its ability to take advantage of such changes within a country to increase its market share. the results, based on a sample of 615 telecommunication companies competing in 124 countries, suggest that mainly two out of four dimensions of international experience help firms to exploit windows of opportunity in a country.
4. title: disentangling the role of the institutional environment in the ownership competence framework: a comment on foss et al. (2021)
authors: guilherme fowler a. monteiro, bruno varella miranda
abstract: we extend the ownership competence framework by discussing how the features of the institutional environment influence the exercise of ownership competence. two amendments are proposed. first, we add a new dimension to the framework, institutional competence (�where to own�), which denotes that individuals and firms have heterogeneous abilities to assess how an institutional environment affects the potential uses of a resource. second, we argue that institutional uncertainty moderates the three original dimensions of the framework, impairing the exercise of ownership competence of some entrepreneurs and firms more than of others. we use examples from the literature to illustrate our arguments. we also discuss the implications of our analysis.
5. title: ownership competence: the enabling and constraining role of institutions
authors: nicolai j. foss, peter g. klein, lasse b. lien, thomas zellweger, todd zenger
abstract: monteiro and miranda (2022) argue that owners differ in their ability to select and work within a particular institutional environment, suggesting �institutional competence� as a dimension of ownership competence distinct from what we call governance, matching, and timing competence. we agree that institutions matter and welcome the chance to describe their role in detail. however, rather than treating institutional competence as a separate channel by which owners create value from their assets, we think institutional features can be modeled as �shift parameters� that moderate the effect of ownership competencies on outcomes. in developing this argument, we reflect more broadly on the interplay between ownership competence and institutional uncertainty, noting that society at large benefits from individual-level ownership competence, ownership by some owners may cause harm to other owners, and property-rights enforcement and ownership competence are complements in generating private and societal benefits.
6. title: weathering a demand shock: the impact of prior vertical scope on post-shock firm response
authors: najoung lim, seojin kim, rajshree agarwal
abstract: we examine how and why pre-existing vertical scope may cause differences in product market exit rates after sudden and exogenous decreases in demand. our empirical context is the u.s. medical diagnostic imaging industry (2004�2009), wherein a major medicare reform created a derived demand shock to equipment manufacturers. using a difference-in-difference-in-difference design, we find integrated firms were more likely to exit than nonintegrated firms. building on the literature conceptualizing firms' pre-shock vertical scope as a representation of existing resources and governance choices, we explain that integrated and nonintegrated firms responded differently by leveraging their own distinctive capabilities. our qualitative insights suggest that higher market exit of integrated firms was driven by their higher adjustment costs due to frictions across strategies for demand management versus cost reduction.
7. title: salary transparency and gender pay inequality: evidence from canadian universities
authors: elizabeth lyons, laurina zhang
abstract: we examine whether salary transparency influences gender pays inequality in the context of canadian universities by exploiting a policy change enacted in one canadian province that required salary disclosure through a publicly searchable database, thus lowering the cost of monitoring the gender pay gap. we find that, on average, salary disclosure improves gender pay equality but institutions respond in different ways. despite little media attention around gender equality at the time of the policy, institutions most likely to anticipate higher scrutiny, such as top ranked institutions, respond more aggressively to improve gender pay equality�both in terms of the magnitude and type of response. combined, our findings suggest that the extent of change from salary transparency depends on the reduction in monitoring costs and organizational characteristics.
8. title: who depends on why: toward an endogenous, purpose-driven mechanism in organizations' reference selection
authors: johannes luger
abstract: this paper investigates how firms select reference organizations, that is, other firms to which they compare themselves. we question the exogenous nature of references (i.e., them being defined via industry-categorizations) but suggest that, via motivations or purposes, firms endogenously select them. we evaluate our findings when analyzing proprietary data on hotels' self-selection of comparison-hotels. in support of our arguments, we find that in situations of increased uncertainty regarding firms' own relative abilities and standing, firms make adjustments to their selected references toward more similar ones. this enables them to obtain more diagnostic information about their relative abilities and this effect holds constant of (exogenous) industry-entry or exit events. our findings contribute to an updated understanding about the role of comparison organizations in firms' decision-making.
9. title: are seed accelerators status springboards for startups? or sand traps?
authors: benjamin l. hallen, susan l. cohen, sung ho park
abstract: recent research finds participating in seed accelerators can improve startups' access to growth and funding, but effects are highly heterogeneous. less understood is whether accelerator participation can also help startups obtain higher-status early partners. on one hand, participation may improve startups' quality and signal quality to desirable partners. yet research suggests reasons any signaling effects might be quite small or even negative, since accelerators might be perceived as a �market for lemons.� using two complementary and proprietary datasets of u.s. startups, we find many seed accelerators are indeed springboards�associated with startups raising from higher-status investors�but that others have very limited and some slight negative effects. we examine contingencies and mechanisms, and conclude with contributions to literatures on accelerators and organizational status.
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