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volume 59, issue 13, october 2022
1. title: urban studies in india across the millennial turn: histories and futures
authors: karen coelho, ashima sood
abstract: the millennial turn saw a distinct efflorescence in scholarship on urban india. this essay introduces a virtual special issue on urban studies in india that showcases a selection of articles from the journal�s archives. it traces the disciplinary, thematic and methodological shifts that have marked this millennial turn. on the one hand, the social science of the urban has had a statist bent, reacting to the policy focus on cities as growth engines in the post-liberalisation era. on the other hand, critical urban studies has brought attention to the unregulated, deregulated, unplanned and unintended city produced by dynamic processes of informality acting overtly or covertly against the state�s neoliberal agendas. this introductory essay aims to examine the ways this interplay has unfolded both in the pages of this journal and elsewhere. it locates the virtual special issue selection within a broader review of the state of scholarship in indian urban studies and marks out areas for productive interventions in the future study of indian cities.
2. title: the cities we need: towards an urbanism guided by human needs satisfaction
authors: rodrigo cardoso, ali sobhani, evert meijers
abstract: this article proposes moving beyond the tyranny of economic imperatives towards a human needs-based framework to assess cities and envision their development. existing calls for such a transition lack a foundation able to capture the various dimensions of human life in cities, which can be provided by the concept of human needs. we ask whether cities deliver satisfiers that make them good places to cater for the full range of human needs in a similar way to how they cater for economic needs. the article develops a framework that allows us to address that question. we show how the main debates in human needs theory are illustrated by urban phenomena, and search for a human needs model which is able to advance those debates and tackle the problem specifically in cities. then we highlight the specifically urban aspects of needs satisfaction processes and construct a table of indicators to assess how cities fare in that respect, ensuring global comparability as to whether, as well as local contextualisation as to how, needs are satisfied.
3. title: industrial destabilisation: the case of rajajinagar, bangalore
authors: shriya anand, aditi dey
abstract: there has been a recent interest in expanding the focus of deindustrialisation studies to the cities of the global south. bangalore, with its long legacy of state sponsored industrialisation, as well as a substantial shift in its economy following economic liberalisation in 1991, presents itself as a suitable case to examine the impacts of industrial transformation. we study the decline of the engineering economy in one of bangalore�s earliest planned industrial suburbs, rajajinagar, to understand how industrial restructuring at the city and national scale has affected and reconfigured local economies. using this case study, we make two main theoretical contributions: one, we bring out shifts at a neighbourhood scale that go beyond the existing literature on neoliberal transformations in bangalore as well as other indian cities. two, the case also allows us to assess the limitations of deindustrialisation as a framework to analyse these changes, and we suggest a modified framework, that of �industrial destabilisation .
4. title: statecraft on cement: the politics of land-based accumulation in erdoan s turkey
authors: melih ye_ilba
abstract: this article contributes to the literature on the role of the state in land-based accumulation by presenting an explanatory framework on the case of contemporary turkey, a case marked by an unprecedented construction boom that carries the distinct mark of the ruling akp (adalet ve kalk1nma partisi, or justice and development party). land-based accumulation has constituted a defining aspect of the political economic setting of the akp era. an investigation of the motivations behind this strategy reveals that it has been instrumental for the ruling party s political agendas. through land-based accumulation, the akp has been able to cultivate a new generation of firms in the construction industry with connections to the party, consolidate its power among domestic capital and develop new mechanisms to finance party politics. furthermore, symbolic and material manifestations of land-based accumulation have been abundantly used in the party�s propaganda machinery to provide ideological legitimation. overall, the akp�s authoritarian grip on power has been forged through the political-ideological resources provided by land-based accumulation. contrary to the widespread narratives of weakening, passive or merely facilitating states, the case of turkey brings to the fore an instance of boosting state agendas through land-based accumulation. my findings underline the need to combine capital-switch arguments with a gramscian political conjunctural analysis for a fuller understanding of the role of the state in land-based accumulation, and point to the urban roots of neoliberal authoritarianism.
5. title: generational variations in the timing of entry into homeownership in shanghai: the role of family formation and family of origin
authors: xueying mu, can cui, wei xu, junru cui
abstract: radical housing reform has triggered tremendous changes in both housing supply and housing demand in china over the past four decades, leading to apparent generational fractures in homeownership. in contrast to the rising age of first dwelling purchasers in some western countries, younger cohorts in china are entering homeownership at increasingly younger ages despite rising housing prices. based on a retrospective survey conducted in shanghai in 2018 and 2019, this study examines the changing roles of family formation and parental background in affecting the timing of entering homeownership across different cohorts. employing event history analyses, this study demonstrates that transitions to first homeownership have become synchronised with family formation among younger cohorts, which implies the social norm of �marital home�. furthermore, the results reveal that parental background is increasingly influential in determining the timing of first home purchase; men and individuals from one-child families are more likely to be the beneficiary of parental help to enter homeownership. through the lens of cohort, this study contributes to understanding the changing role of family formation and family of origin, which are shaped by institutional and cultural transformations in china. the intensified intergenerational transmission leads to exacerbation of horizontal housing inequality, that is, some achieving homeownership at a younger age while others being shunned from homeownership in the context of worsening housing affordability.
6. title: the divergent logics of urban regeneration in israel: a neoliberal toolkit and national rationales
authors: tal alster, nufar avni
abstract: in recent years, urban regeneration policy in israel has relied largely on market-based mechanisms to deliver its goals, seemingly in keeping with neoliberal trends. whereas, in previous decades, the construction and renovation of housing was facilitated primarily by state-run projects, current urban regeneration policy relies heavily on private actors � developers and homeowners � motivated by profit and the allocation of building rights. in this article, we argue that while this policy appears to be consistent with neoliberal trends, the israeli government, as well as the public, in fact continue to view urban regeneration as a project of national significance, deserving of public funding if market forces should prove inadequate. we describe the unique characteristics of urban regeneration policy in israel, arguing that they derive from �moral economy� logic as well as geopolitical considerations such as national security and commitment to the periphery. we make this argument by examining urban regeneration in the country�s geographical and economic �periphery�, where the state is expected to finance and incentivise regeneration in the absence of market incentives. we conclude that even in a supposedly heightened neoliberal era, israel�s regeneration policy continues to be centralised and driven by national objectives and centre�periphery relations that reproduce the country�s path-dependent development trajectory.
7. title: street markets, urban development and immigrant entrepreneurship: unpacking precarity in moore street, dublin
authors: crist�n blennerhassett, niamh moore-cherry, christine bonnin
abstract: traditional markets represent vital spaces of opportunity for livelihood-building, intercultural contact and for developing familiarity with the city. yet, worldwide, markets are under pressure due to redevelopment agendas driven by neoliberalised forms of urban governance. although precarious sites of occupation and employment, markets still maintain an attractiveness for immigrant micro-entrepreneurs as a foothold into the labour market and urban economy. through a case study of the historic moore street market in central dublin (ireland), we explore the experiences of immigrant entrepreneurs. while these may be different in terms of their familiarity with the urban, institutional and regulatory landscapes, they are not entirely dissimilar from the experiences of longer-term traders in moore street. however what is evident is how precarity is tactically exploited by newcomer entrepreneurs for particular reasons. these traders prize the autonomy brought by market trading and use it as a meso-scale between low-paid waged employment and higher-level employment that may be out of reach for a variety of reasons. we argue that in examining urban precarity, increased attention should be paid to exploring the context-specific nature of the processes that give rise to it as well as the agentic capacity exercised to exploit it even within structural constraints.
8. title: the effects of social housing regeneration schemes on employment: the case of the glasgow stock transfer
authors: meng le zhang, george galster, david manley, gwilym pryce
abstract: regeneration is an internationally popular policy for improving distressed neighbourhoods dominated by large social housing developments. stimulating employment is often touted as a secondary benefit, but this claim has rarely been evaluated convincingly. in 2003, glasgow city council transferred ownership of its entire social housing stock to the glasgow housing association and over �4 billion was invested in physical repairs, social services and other regeneration activities. using a linked census database of individuals (scottish longitudinal study), we evaluate the causal effect of the stock transfer on employment in glasgow through a quasi-experimental design that exploits idiosyncrasies and changes in glasgow�s administrative boundaries. we find that the stock transfer had a positive effect on employment for glasgow residents who were not living in transferred social housing stock. we establish that this effect was mainly accomplished through the local employment multiplier effect of capital spending rather than through any other programmatic elements of the stock transfer. exploratory analysis shows heterogeneous effects: individuals who were over 21, female, living with dependent children and with less education were less likely to benefit from the intervention. we did not find significant subgroup effects by neighbourhood deprivation.
9. title: changes in the economic status of neighbourhoods in us metropolitan areas from 1980 to 2010: stability, growth and polarisation
authors: wei kang, elijah knaap, sergio rey
abstract: in this paper we move away from a static view of neighbourhood inequality and investigate the dynamics of neighbourhood economic status, which ties together spatial income inequality at different moments in time. using census data from three decades (1980�2010) in 294 metropolitan statistical areas, we use a statistical decomposition method to unpack the aggregate spatiotemporal income dynamic into its contributing components: stability, growth and polarisation, providing a new look at the economic fortunes of diverse neighbourhoods. we examine the relative strength of each component in driving the overall pattern, in addition to whether, how, and why these forces wax and wane across space and over time. our results show that over the long run, growth is a dominant form of change across all metros, but there is a very clear decline in its prominence over time. further, we find a growing positive relationship between the components of dispersion and growth, in a reversal of prior trends. looking across metro areas, we find temporal heterogeneity has been driven by different socioeconomic factors over time (such as sectoral growth in certain decades), and that these relationships vary enormously with geography and time. together these findings suggest a high level of temporal heterogeneity in neighbourhood income dynamics, a phenomenon which remains largely unexplored in the current literature. there is no universal law governing the changing economic status of neighbourhoods in the us over the last 40 years, and our work demonstrates the importance of considering shifting dynamics over multiple spatial and temporal scales.
10. title: delivering higher density suburban development: the impact of building design and residents� attitudes
authors: pablo navarrete-hernandez, alan mace, jacob karlsson, nancy holman, davide alberto zorloni
abstract: the urgent need for housing in london will be met almost exclusively through building on brownfield sites. while inner and suburban outer london are both home to a range of brownfield sites, the politics of delivering new housing varies between the two. first, outer london is built at significantly lower density and therefore densification has a more noticeable impact. second, many residents in outer london value living at lower density and will see densification as undermining that which they value. third, homeownership is more common in outer london and as housing is the most significant asset for most homeowners any threat to its value is likely to be strongly resisted. our research tests whether design can positively impact both the perception and acceptability of densification. for this, we run a randomised control trial presenting 939 outer london residents with simulated images representing different design features. we find that the effects of building design are limited and relate almost exclusively to low and medium density options. our research shows that vernacular design can make some increase in density acceptable but for significantly higher density the influence of design declines. as density increases,
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11. title: subaltern geographies
authors: claudia seldin
abstract: the article reviews the book subaltern geographies by tariq jazeel and stephen legg.
12. title: the making of the banlieue: an ethnography of space, identity and violence
authors: simone van de wetering
abstract: the article reviews the book �the making of the banlieue: an ethnography of space, identity and violence� by luuk slooter.
13. title: the anti-black city: police terror and black urban life in brazil
authors: luisa g melo
abstract: the article reviews the book �the anti-black city: police terror and black urban life in brazil� by jaime amparo alves.
14. title: metropolitan governance in latin america
authors: s�ren scholvin
abstract: the article reviews the book �hab
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15. title: globalized authoritarianism. megaprojects, slums and class relations in urban morocco
authors: federica duca
abstract: the article reviews the book �globalized authoritarianism: megaprojects, slums and class relations in urban morocco� by koenraad bogaert.
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