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volume 99, issue 4, december 2021
1. title: beyond co-production: value creation and public services
authors: stephen p. osborne, greta nasi, madeline powell.
abstract: this paper argues for the need to go beyond appreciating co-production as a stand-alone process. rather it offers a holistic model of value creation for public services, by integrating insights from both the public administration and management and the service management and marketing literatures. the components of this model are the loci, elements, and processes of value creation. co-production is located within this model but only as one process, not as the pre-eminent one. the implications of this new model for public management theory and practice are explored.
2. title: how bureaucrats shape political decisions: the role of policy information
authors: jens blom-hansen, martin baekgaard, s�ren serritzlew.
abstract: studies of bureaucracy have been very concerned about whether the bureaucracy exploits its informational advantage vis-�-vis politicians to influence policy decisions. yet, little theorizing has been undertaken about how such influence takes place. we identify and test three mechanisms that must be at work in order for policy information to function as a vehicle for political influence of bureaucrats. using data from politicians and bureaucrats in five different political systems and survey experimental methods to deal with endogeneity and social desirability bias, we find evidence supporting all three mechanisms: bureaucrats are generally willing to use policy information to influence political decisions, politicians rely on policy information from bureaucrats when making such decisions, and the way policy information is presented matters for the policy preferences of politicians. we discuss the implications of the results and factors that are important for the mechanisms to apply.
3. title: the impact of bounded subadditivity on administrative behaviour among public and private workers
authors: paolo belardinelli, nicola bell�, paola cantarelli.
abstract: we use a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design to explore whether and how bounded subadditivity, and the resulting certainty effect, may lead public and private employees to prioritize their activities in ways that are suboptimal for their organizations. in a randomized controlled trial, private sector workers were more likely to join a project to which they were able to provide a small contribution that would turn the probability of success into certainty rather than an alternative project in which their participation would make success twice as likely but not certain. this behaviour, which is consistent with the principle of bounded subadditivity, was not observed among public workers in our sample, who did not show any preference for either project. a qualitative inquiry suggests that the observed difference in susceptibility to bounded subadditivity between public and private employees resonates with public service motivation, self-determination theory and identity economics.
4. title: exploring rule-following identity at the frontline: the roles of general self-efficacy, gender, and attitude toward clients
authors: shelena keulemans.
abstract: the way in which street-level bureaucrats relate to rules has intrigued scholars for decades. this article revisits the classic idea that street-level bureaucrats' rule-following identity reflects their personal insecurity and penchant for control. building on this perspective of emotional needs, we investigate how general self-efficacy, gender, and attitude toward clients affect this identity. we expect general self-efficacy to suppress a strong rule-following identity by stimulating street-level bureaucrats' internal sense of control. we furthermore expect that this relation is stronger for women bureaucrats and bureaucrats who hold a positive attitude to clients. contrary to expectations, survey data (n = 1407) show that this identity strengthens as general self-efficacy beliefs increase. gender and attitude to clients do not affect this relationship. these findings suggest that rule-following identity reflects street-level bureaucrats' confidence in their abilities to work complex rule sets to fulfill task requirements, rather than desire for control or to reduce insecurity.
5. title: collaborative gaming: when principals and agents agree to game the system
authors: jon pierre, jenny de fine licht.
abstract: this paper presents a previously unexplored type of gaming of performance data, collaborative gaming, where the performance measurement system incentivizes the executive and an agency to game collaboratively. the paper shows how overlapping incentives between government departments and agencies to present successful implementation of programs can drive collaboration to modify performance targets and/or performance measurements. the argument is illustrated by two brief case studies of collaboration between the swedish department of employment and the swedish public employment service in the implementation of labor-market programs.
6. title: advantages of feeling appreciated: an examination of how receipt of gratitude influences the linkages between psm and behaviour
authors: randall s. davis, edmund c. stazyk, zachary t. dickman.
abstract: in this article, we examine several situational factors that condition the relationship between public service motivation (psm) and organizational behaviours. specifically, we examine how the receipt of gratitude and appreciation is associated with the complex relationships between psm, work attitudes and turnover intent. we analyse the conditional indirect effects from psm to turnover intent with a series of structural equation models using data from the 2010 us merit systems protection board. our findings indicate that the relationship between psm and blaming others for diminished performance capacity is moderated by feeling appreciated, which conditions the indirect relationship to turnover intent. in other words, increases in psm appear to lead individuals to internalize diminished performance capacity and remain with their organization as long as they believe their work is appreciated. these findings provide guidance for structuring feedback to capitalize on the benefits of psm.
7. title: merit recruitment, tenure protections and public service motivation: evidence from a conjoint experiment with 7,300 public servants in latin america, africa and eastern europe
authors: jan meyer-sahling, kim sass mikkelsen, christian schuster.
abstract: how can governments manage civil servants to enhance public service motivation (psm)? despite the centrality of psm in public administration research, the effects of management practices on psm remain understudied. we address this gap through a conjoint experiment with 7,300 public servants in five countries in africa, latin america and eastern europe. our experiment assesses two practices: merit-based competitions for recruitment versus discretionary appointments; and permanent tenure versus temporary job contracts. we find that merit competitions are associated with greater psm by respondents in four countries, yet have no significant effect in a fifth. permanent contracts are associated with greater psm (two countries), lower psm (one country) and have no significant effect (two countries). the effects of personnel management practices thus appear to vary across contexts. a common practice in public administration research�generalizations about the effects of management practices from single-country studies or cross-country averages�requires rethinking.
8. title: sustaining statehood: a comparative analysis of vertical policy-process integration in denmark and italy
authors: christoph knill, christina steinbacher, yves steinebach.
abstract: in response to societal demands, democratic governments constantly adopt new policies. as existing policies are rarely abandoned, policies accumulate over time. policy accumulation bears the challenge of overburdening implementation bodies, hence undermining policy effectiveness. any escape from this situation requires democratic governments to strike a balance between policy responsiveness and effectiveness. we posit that the extent to which countries are able to achieve this depends on the vertical integration of processes of policy formulation and implementation. we provide a novel conceptualization of vertical policy-process integration (vpi) that is based on two channels. while bottom-up integration captures the extent to which policy implementers can communicate reasons for potential policy failure from the bottom up, top-down integration indicates the degree to which the policy formulation level has to cover the implementation costs of the policies they produce. we illustrate our argument by an empirical analysis of vpi patterns in denmark and italy.
9. title: �there's something about sustainability�: the discursive dynamics of policy reform
authors: susan ainsworth.
abstract: sustainability is now among the hegemonic discourses used by government to construct problems and policy beyond the environmental domain. detached from its origins, it functions as an �empty signifier� whose flexibility and ambiguity can be harnessed in policy-making and political debate. this article uses an australian case study to show how sustainability discourse was mobilized to justify reversing a previous decision and raise the age at which the publicly funded aged pension could be accessed. overall, it contributes to understanding how hegemonic intervention is accomplished by tracing discursive processes over time and amongst different texts, helping to identify shifts and turning points in trajectories of policy reform and political debate. i conclude by arguing that the use of sustainability discourse warrants particular critical attention because it signals broader difficulties in imagining alternative collective futures and considering the costs and consequences arising from current arrangements.
10. title: only hearing what they want to hear: assessing when and why performance information triggers intentions to coproduce
authors: gregory a. porumbescu, maria cucciniello, nicola bell�, greta nasi.
abstract: while performance information is often used to communicate the importance of public policies and stimulate civic engagement, we know little about the processes that connect the two. this study proposes a conceptual model that links performance information to a specific form of public engagement: coproduction. drawing on insights from information aversion theory, we argue that the effect of performance information on engagement in coproduction depends on levels of policy understanding and the valence of performance information that individuals are exposed to. specifically, we predict that individuals exposed to positive performance information will understand the policy better than those exposed to negative performance information. further, we predict that higher levels of policy understanding will increase coproduction engagement intentions. these predictions are examined using two experiments and a representative sample of us residents (n = 836). findings indicate that participants best understood positive information and that understanding significantly increased coproduction engagement intentions.
11. title: institutionalization or interaction: which organizational factors help community-based initiatives acquire government support?
authors: malika igalla, jurian edelenbos, ingmar van meerkerk.
abstract: increasingly, western local governments are dealing with community-based initiatives (cbis) of citizens providing public services. municipalities possess critical resources cbis generally lack, including subsidies, buildings, and exposure. there is still little knowledge on cbis' factors for government support. therefore, this study adopts an organizational perspective distinguishing among institutionalization (intraorganizational, e.g., organizational size and democratic legitimacy) and interaction (interorganizational, e.g., boundary spanning leadership [bsl]) factors for the support cbis obtain from local government. analyzing large n data (n = 2331) from cbis in six countries by using structural equation modeling, we found that interaction factors are related to more government support, whereas institutionalization factors are less significant. more specifically, we found stronger relationships for bsl and linking social capital than for the factors related to the formalization and development of organizational infrastructure, including the much-discussed democratic legitimacy of cbis, suggesting a limited interest of governments in this topic as a factor for support.
12. title: governance reform, decentralization, and teamwork in public service delivery: evidence from the honduran health sector
authors: tara grillos, alan zarychta, krister andersson.
abstract: public service delivery improves when civil servants work together effectively as teams. while decentralization reforms are common strategies for enhancing the delivery of health services in developing countries, most studies emphasize their effects through rational-choice mechanisms. fewer studies consider the behavioral implications of decentralization and its potential to improve or hinder the day-to-day work environment for health sector staff. we use an incentivized behavioral game to assess the effectiveness of teamwork among civil servants in decentralized and comparable centrally administered municipal health systems in honduras. we find that teams from decentralized municipalities are less effective at working together and that this is driven by the adverse effects of the reform among existing staff: new staff pairs are relatively effective, while existing staff do not work as well with each other and in mixed teams. our findings suggest that policymakers should take measures to help ensure that governance reforms do not undermine the effectiveness of existing staff.
13. title: the politics of fintech: technology, regulation, and disruption in uk and german retail banking
authors: dermot hodson.
abstract: recent studies suggest that uber and other tech start-ups disrupt markets through regulatory entrepreneurship. this practice describes how such companies operate outside of regulation or in legal gray areas before mobilizing their customers in support of regulatory change. financial technology (fintech) is sometimes called the �uber of banking,� but banking reveals different political dynamics than the car-for-hire sector. exploring the rise of online-only banks in the uk and germany, this article finds that start-ups such as starling, monzo, and n26 challenged incumbents without breaking or remaking regulation. the regulatory entrepreneurship approach, which sees fintech as a difficult case, and the state world of regulatory innovation, which views policy-makers as seizing the opportunity created by new technology to reassess their relationship with incumbents, help to explain these findings. its conclusions have relevance for wider debates about the governance of health care and legal services and the politics of disruption more generally.
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14. title: at the pleasure of the crown: the politics of bureaucratic appointments
authors: erik-jan van dorp.
abstract: the article reviews the book at the pleasure of the crown: the politics of bureaucratic appointments by cooper, christopher.
15. title: critical perspectives on public systems management in india through the lens of district administration
authors: zubair nazeer.
abstract: the article reviews the book �critical perspectives on public systems management in india through the lens of district administration� by nayak, amar k. j. r. and kakani.
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