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volume 89, issue 3, june 2024
1. title: clustered vulnerabilities: the unequal effects of covid-19 on domestic violence
authors: paige l. sweet
abstract: how did the covid-19 pandemic affect domestic violence? we might expect that the most marginalized victims experienced the most dramatic upticks in violence during the pandemic. however, through life-story interviews, i found that survivors who were enduring abuse, poverty, housing insecurity, and systems involvement pre-covid did not suffer worse abuse during the pandemic. for multiply marginalized survivors, covid did not produce more violence directly, but instead worsened the social contexts in which they already experienced violence and related problems, setting them up for future instability. the small group of survivors in this study who did experience covid as a novel period of violence were likely to be middle-class and better-resourced. to explain these findings, i suggest moving away from a model of crisis as �external stressor.� i offer the concept �clustered vulnerabilities� to explain how�rather than entering in as �shock��crisis amplifies existing structural problems: social vulnerabilities pile up, becoming denser and more difficult to manage. �clustered vulnerabilities� better explains crisis in the lives of marginalized people and is useful for analyzing the relationship between chronic disadvantage and crisis across cases.
2. title: the cultural consequences of market transition: an empirical examination of rising materialism in twenty-first-century china
authors: cao, yang.
abstract: this study examines how markets affect personal culture in the context of postsocialist china. drawing on several bodies of literature, i argue that china�s transition to a market economy promotes materialist values via two causal pathways. first, market transition entails a process of economic liberalization, which accentuates economic incentives and exacerbates existential insecurity. second, market transition also entails a process of commodification that, by immersing individuals in market relations, crowds out intrinsic motives and normalizes the pursuit of material self-interests. my empirical analysis uses repeated cross-sectional data from a large-scale national survey to demonstrate the effect of market transition through the lens of work values. taking advantage of china�s regional variations in the pace of institutional change, i show that, between 2005 and 2015, provinces where market transition had made greater progress tended to experience a sharper rise in materialist work values. additional analyses reveal significant differences in work values between state-sector employees and workers in the market sector, and that the relationship between market transition and materialist values extends beyond the work domain. these findings contribute to the theoretical literature on the cultural consequences of markets and the empirical knowledge on cultural change in contemporary china.
3. title: the culture of censorship: state intervention and complicit creativity in global film production
authors: fang, jun.
abstract: how does state censorship shape global creative production? to explore the merger of art and the state in a global context, i adopt a micro-sociological approach to examine the culture of censorship and reconceptualize censorship as an ongoing, social process. based on participant observation within a global film studio and interviews with industry insiders in beijing and los angeles, i investigate how global cultural producers navigate china�s rigid film censorship system. my analysis reveals how china�s state censors use multistage gatekeeping and intermediated censorship to infiltrate the creative process and exert global influence. i then show how informality transforms these organizational procedures into a relational process that is hard to trace. in this, studio executives and filmmakers are induced to engage in complicit creativity, seeking creative negotiations through working with, rather than against, the state; specifically, they practice concession, reconfiguration, and collusion. these processes anchor a culture of censorship characterized by the symbiotic relationship between censors and creators, epitomizing a dynamic dance between everyday state power and everyday resistance. this relational model of censorship provides useful analytic scaffolding, extending our knowledge of the inner workings and consequences of state intervention in the new global cultural economy.
4. title: doing genders: partner�s gender and labor market behavior
authors: eva jaspers, deni mazrekaj, weverthon machado
abstract: partnered men and women show consistently gendered patterns of labor market behavior. we test whether not only a person�s own gender, but also their partner�s gender shapes hours worked. we use dutch administrative population data on almost 5,000 persons who had both male and female partners, whose hours worked we observe monthly over 15 years. we argue that this provides a unique setting to assess the relevance of partner�s gender for labor market behavior. using two-way fixed effects and fixed-effects individual slopes models, we find that both men and women tend to work more hours when partnered with a female partner compared to a male partner. these results align with our hypothesis that a partner�s gender influences labor market behavior. for women, we conclude that this finding may be (partly) explained by marital and motherhood status. additionally, we discovered that women decrease their hours worked to a lesser extent when caring for a child if they have a female partner. finally, we found that for men, the positive association between own and partner�s hours worked is weaker when one has a female partner, indicating a higher degree of specialization within these couples.
5. title: feature-based structures of opportunity: genre innovation in the american popular music industry, 1958 to 2016
authors: khwan kim, noah askin
abstract: we offer a new perspective on how cultural markets are structured and the conditions under which innovations are more likely to emerge. we argue that in addition to organization- and producer-level factors, product features�the locus of marketplace interaction between producers and consumers�also structure markets. the aggregated distribution of product features helps producers gauge where to differentiate or conform and when consumers may be more receptive to the kind of novelty that spawns new genres, our measure of innovation. we test our arguments with a unique dataset comprising the nearly 25,000 songs that appeared on the billboard hot 100 chart from 1958 to 2016, using computational methods to capture and analyze the aesthetic (sonic) and semantic (lyrical) features of each song and, consequently, the market for popular music. results reveal that new genres are more likely to appear following markets that can be characterized as diverse along one feature dimension while homogenous along the other. we then connect specific configurations of feature distributions to subsequent song novelty before linking the aesthetic and semantic novelty of individual songs to genre emergence. we replicate our findings using industry-wide data and conclude with implications for the study of markets and innovation.
6. title: hiring discrimination under pressures to diversify: gender, race, and diversity commodification across job transitions in software engineering
authors: katherine weisshaar, koji chavez, tania hutt
abstract: white, male-dominated professions in the united states are marked with substantial gender and racial inequality in career advancement, yet they often face pressures to increase diversity. in these contexts, are theories of employer biases based on gender and racial stereotypes sufficient to explain patterns of hiring discrimination during common career transitions in the external labor market? if not, how and why do discrimination patterns deviate from predictions? through a case study of software engineering, we first draw from a large-scale audit study and demonstrate unexpected patterns of hiring screening discrimination: while employers discriminate in favor of white men among early-career job applicants seeking lateral positions, for both early-career and senior workers applying to senior jobs, black men and black women face no discrimination compared to white men, and white women are preferred. drawing on in-depth interviews, we explain these patterns of discrimination by demonstrating how decision-makers incorporate diversity value�applicants� perceived worth for their contribution to organizational diversity�into hiring screening decisions, alongside biases. we introduce diversity commodification as the market-based valuative process by which diversity value varies across job level and intersectional groups. this article offers important implications for our understanding of gender, race, and employer decision-making in modern u.s. organizations.
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