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volume 61, issue 9, july 2024
1. title: reimagining hope through the political: a post-foundational reading of urban alternatives beyond postpolitics
authors: mohamed saleh, friederike landau-donnelly
abstract: this paper proposes hope as a lens for critical urban research for the purpose of grasping the interplay between forces of change and stability as manifested in popular uprisings, as well as in broader, self-organised spatial practices in everyday life. this hopeful lens allows for reimagining hope through the concept of �the political�, defined in the post-foundationalist literature as an ontological condition assuming the inherent impossibility for �politics� to reach its final closure, fixation or stability. the hopes thus arising from �the political� provide critical urban scholars with better tools to navigate the ever-present possibilities for emancipatory change and action, arising from an ontological lack of foundations, upon which political orders are temporarily based. in this paper, we show how theoretical notions from post-foundationalism can expand the current sense of hope by instilling a non-teleological view on inherent possibilities for matters to be otherwise, thus implying the absence of certainty about presupposed ideas of what genuine political change should look like. through this lens, hope appears linked to concrete openings for alternatives found in everyday life. by laying out such a hopeful approach, we aim to expand the awareness of urban �scholars� to ponder both mundane and radical materialisations and practices of �the political� within urban settings. ultimately, by reimagining hope to look beyond or alongside postpolitics, we unlock a future-oriented research agenda that adds nuance to an ontologically restricted conception of �politics�, which allows for broader empirical attunement to ever-present embodied signs of unfinished urban alternatives generated by �the political�.
2. title: housing movement coalitions in the united states: trends from big networks among urban civil society leaders
authors: andrew messamore
abstract: coalitions of formal housing, civil rights and anti-poverty organisations play an important role in urban housing movements. however, the extent and dynamics of these �housing movement coalitions� are not well understood. in this article, i document the geography of housing movement coalitions across 148 us cities using leadership networks among 11.8 million civic leaders. i show that cohesive coalitions of formal housing, civil rights and anti-poverty leaders exist in a wide range of us cities, including in conservative states. in terms of change, housing coalitions have only grown in a handful of politically liberal cities since the global financial crisis, and most housing coalitions have stagnated and some have declined. finally, change score regression models indicate that economic insecurity is associated with housing coalition emergence, but municipal austerity and hostile political environments may weaken the opportunities for coalitions to expand. these findings suggest movement scholars should widen their focus to include housing coalitions in more diverse contexts, and more closely examine how municipal funding shapes housing coalitions and their relationship to grassroots activism.
3. title: the changing social class structure of london, 2001�2021: continued professionalisation or asymmetric polarisation?
authors: chris hamnett
abstract: the changing class structure of cities has been a topic of considerable importance and debate for over a 150 years, since the industrial revolution created a large industrial proletariat in many western cities. but the rise of post-industrial society, the decline of the manufacturing industry, a shrinking industrial working class, and the growth of the professional and managerial class from the 1970s onwards has provoked fresh debate about this, as has the emergence of gentrification in many cities. this paper looks at the changing social class structure of london from 2001 to 2021 using data from the population census. it shows that the higher professional and managerial class continued its long term growth after a pause in 2001�2011. but the number and proportions of small employers, the self-employed and routine workers have also grown. there is therefore continuing professionalisation but also �asymmetric polarisation�. the paper also examines the geography of social class change by borough over the period and shows that while the professional and managerial class grew in all boroughs, suggesting a gradual upward class change across london, it was highest in the most gentrified inner london boroughs. however, the percentage point growth of the self-employed and routine groups was generally higher in the mostly suburban boroughs where professional and managerial class percentage point change growth was smallest (and vice versa) which suggests an intensified social class sorting and divergence across london with the lower class groups growing most rapidly in suburban outer london where housing costs are less.
4. title: deconstructing the urban viewpoint: exploring uneven regional development with nancy fraser�s notion of justice
authors: kristina grange, nils bj�rling, lina olsson, julia fredriksson
abstract: uneven regional development fomented by city-centric growth agendas generates significant challenges for regional peripheries. placing regional margins and other plural geographies at the centre, in this article we apply a normative framework based on justice theory to uncover the dominance of urban viewpoints in urban regional development policy. departing from nancy fraser�s three-dimensional justice theory, we provide a deconstruction of city-centrism by illustrating how regional disparities in two regions in sweden are not only reproduced by economic maldistribution but also by political misrepresentation and cultural misrecognition. by doing so, we illustrate the fruitfulness of applying a normative justice framework to create a broader understanding of factors that contribute to the political production of uneven regional development and need to be addressed if a transformative and progressive change is to occur.
5. title: informality through the state: how overregulation and tolerance shape informal land development in metropolitan brazil
authors: jo�o tonucci
abstract: the relationship between the state and informal land development in global south metropolises has yet not received much attention in urban studies. concerning that knowledge gap, this paper investigates how the state regulates and inspects irregular and clandestine land subdivisions in the metropolitan region of belo horizonte (mrbh). a mixed-methods approach, focused on the inner workings of the land development control policy led by the mrbh agency between 2009 and 2018, provides new evidence of the relationships between inspectors, developers, and prosecutors, among other actors. by delving deep into the intricate nexus between a changing regulatory landscape and the bureaucratic, street-level, and everyday enforcement practices by officials, the paper reveals how land development control, directly and indirectly, shapes informal land development in the mrbh. particularly, it sheds light on how land development control unrolls through a contradictory combination of overregulation on one side and tolerance on the other. in light of this, i argue that, as land development control evolves without effectively tackling the land question and the structural drivers of informality, the state becomes paradoxically entangled in the production of the same forms of informality it is expected to curb. therefore, land development control is better understood as a fragile and ambivalent state compromise between the need to regulate urban expansion and market-driven informal urbanisation. by creating opportunities for rent extraction and capital accumulation which are explored by informal land developers, the state has been crucial for property-led informal urbanisation in metropolitan brazil.
6. title: caring and commoning in political society: insights from the scugnizzo liberato of naples
authors: roberto sciarelli
abstract: recent research has highlighted the connection between commoning processes and the creation of new infrastructures of care in the areas of southern europe which were most affected by austerity policies and by the connected crisis of social reproduction. the objective of this paper is to shed new light on the caring practices organised through and within urban commons by using the theoretical lenses provided by subaltern studies, which also explored processes of collective self-organisation, the development of solidarity ties and reclamation of social welfare. the main theoretical reference is provided by the work of partha chatterjee on �the politics of the governed�. the discussion is conducted through the analysis of the caring practices organised within the scugnizzo liberato, one of the urban commons of the city of naples, located in southern italy, investigated through a prolonged process of co-research.
7. title: navigating spatial inequalities: the micro-politics of migrant dwelling practices during covid-19 in antwerp
authors: hannah robinson, jil molenaar, lore van praag
abstract: the covid-19 pandemic and its multiple lockdowns disrupted city life, while restrictions on physical distancing and urban activities highlighted the importance of our living environment and its links to our well-being. as part of the covinform research project, this case study uses a micro-political lens to explore the specific spatial challenges which migrants faced in two of the more socially deprived neighbourhoods in antwerp, antwerpen-noord and borgerhout. this study aims to understand the specific spatial challenges migrants encountered during the pandemic and examine how they navigated and asserted agency within the confines of their living situation during this period. we combine participant observation with 25 semi-structured interviews with migrants living in two neighbourhoods in antwerp (flanders, belgium), namely borgerhout and antwerpen-noord. findings show that the covid-19 pandemic reinforced urban spatial disparities, where people�s strategies of adaptation were suddenly disrupted. lower-income migrants were particularly affected, living in crowded housing without access to private open space. access to public and green spaces, as well as facilities and public transport links, became more important during the pandemic, especially for those in poorer housing conditions. within this context of spatial inequalities, migrants deployed their agency through claiming access to the city, shifting dwelling practices, and leveraging neighbourhood and community networks.
8. title: sanitation configurations in lilongwe: everyday experiences on and off the grid
authors: cecilia alda-vidal, alison l browne, mary lawhon, deljana iossifova
abstract: scholars have called for increased attention to the practices through which residents of southern cities create and use infrastructure. the failures and disruptions of many particular artefacts have meant that people often develop multiple ways to access water, electricity, or transportation, even if all of them have limitations. for sanitation, thinking through heterogeneous infrastructure configurations can help us to see connections between toilets, and the reasons for maintaining access to different types of toilets, given their different risks and benefits. in this paper, we focus on plots in lilongwe with both indoor flush-toilets and backyard latrines, and the lived experiences of people as they navigate choices about the use of these toilets. the presence of on and off-grid toilets is rooted in colonial urban form, yet is perpetuated � and proliferates in new places � as residents face a number of constraints, including most recently recurrent water shortages due to droughts. we consider both how this configuration challenges official imaginaries of urban sanitation, and how it helps residents to address different risks and sanitation needs. drawing on the experience of lilongwe, we reflect on what can be learnt from this heterogeneous infrastructural configuration in terms of planning for more resilient water and sanitation services in global south cities and beyond.
9. title: suburbanisation in east germany
authors: matthias bernt, anne volkmann
abstract: rampant suburbanisation is one of the most visible changes evidenced in cities throughout central and eastern europe in the past three decades. in this paper, we analyse how suburbanisation unfolded in east germany after reunification. we do this against the background of ongoing debates about the usefulness and meaning of the term post-socialism that have questioned the self-enclosed spatiality of the concept and suggest giving the concept of neoliberalisation a more central role in analysing the changes experienced in this part of the world. we show that the suburbanisation process in east germany rested on three neoliberal policy orientations: (1) extensive investment stimuli for the construction of new rental housing, (2) promotion of home ownership and (3) the privileging of suburban locations through planning gaps. since all these policies are based on neoliberal ideas, we argue that neoliberalisation and post-socialist reform agendas have appeared as two sides of the same coin. against this background, we advocate putting the developments that came after socialism at the centre of the research and call for a new generation of studies on post-socialist neoliberalisation.
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10. title: politics and the urban frontier: transformation and divergence in late urbanizing east africa
authors: c�me salvaire, graeme young, tom goodfellow
abstract: the article reviews the book �politics and the urban frontier: transformation and divergence in late urbanizing east africa� by tom goodfellow.
11. title: the routledge handbook of urban design research methods
authors: tim g townshend
abstract: the article reviews the book �the routledge handbook of urban design research methods� by hesam kamalipour and patricia aelbrecht.
12. title: food sovereignty and urban agriculture: concepts, politics, and practice in south africa
authors: eirene tentua, zahrotul firdaus
abstract: the article reviews the book �food sovereignty and urban agriculture: concepts, politics, and practice in south africa� by anne siebert.
13. title: governing neighborhoods in urban china: changing state�society relations
authors: chao xie
abstract: the article reviews the book �governing neighborhoods in urban china: changing state�society relations� by beibei tang.
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