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volume 60, issue 4, march 2023
1. title: saffron geographies of exclusion: the disturbed areas act of gujarat
authors: sheba tejani
abstract: this article elucidates the discursive, spatial and procedural mechanisms by which residential segregation and ghettoisation based on religion in ahmedabad is reproduced and reinforced. it studies the application of the disturbed areas act of gujarat, a 1986 law ostensibly intended to curb spatial segregation based on religion by preventing the distress sale of property in �disturbed areas� affected by sectarian violence. however, this law is being used for precisely opposite ends and as a tool of �ethnocratic urban planning� to advance the hindu right�s goal of separate and hierarchical nations based on religion and to actively �hinduise� urban space. current practices of the law enable the state to police boundaries between muslim areas and adjoining hindu localities, sealing their porosity and preventing the formation of mixed areas by restricting property transfers. the article uses semi-structured interviews, mapping techniques, participant observation and official data as sources of evidence. it maps �disturbed areas� in ahmedabad for the first time and presents previously unpublished data on applications for property transfers between persons of different religions under the act. the article argues that ethnocratic planning combines with a range of other vectors, such as targeted anti-muslim violence, the hindrance of justice and reconciliation thereafter and the persistent vilification of minorities, to produce saffron geographies of exclusion in ahmedabad. these saffron geographies of exclusion are grids of hinduised spaces cleansed of muslim presence that embody the ascendancy of the ideology of hindutva over the city and simultaneously create muslim ghettos.
2. title: the housing market reaction to the combustible cladding crisis: safety or financial concerns?
authors: daniel melser
abstract: the risks of combustible cladding were most catastrophically illustrated by the grenfell tower fire in london in mid-2017 which killed 72 people. prior to this, in late 2014, the lacrosse tower fire in melbourne, australia, provided a prescient illustration of the risks of combustible cladding. this study examines the effect on melbourne prices, rents and transactions of these fires from 2005 to mid-2019. the dynamics of prices and rents provide important information about the extent to which the housing market reaction was driven by safety or financial concerns. this is because tenants are primarily exposed to the safety risks of combustible cladding while the prices paid by owner-occupiers reflect both safety and financial concerns � such as future remediation costs. we find an overall decline of around 9 % in the prices paid by owner-occupiers for homes affected by combustible cladding, while rents for similar properties fell by around 3 % . thus, we conclude that the main factor driving the housing market reaction was financial concerns. this conclusion is robust to more tightly identifying properties that were affected by combustible cladding. we also find that property investors reduce their property valuations of combustible cladding homes more significantly than owner-occupiers and that there are declines in transaction volumes for affected homes.
3. title: the changing ethno-racial profile of �very walkable� urban neighbourhoods in the us (2010�2020): are minorities under-represented?
authors: bradley bereitschaft
abstract: neighbourhood walkability has increasingly been viewed as an amenity that may confer substantial health, social and economic benefits. as walkable neighbourhoods become increasingly desirable, there is concern that disadvantaged groups � particularly lower-income and minority households � may be displaced or excluded from these spaces. this investigation assesses whether minorities, and black residents in particular, are increasingly under-represented in urban neighbourhoods with high walkability by examining demographic changes between 2010 and 2020 across approximately 43,000 urban census tracts. the results suggest a negative association between black and other non-white residents and neighbourhood walkability when controlling for confounding factors. blacks were also the only major ethno-racial group to decline in absolute number within the nation s most walkable (i.e. walk score�e"90) urban neighbourhoods between 2010 and 2020. implications for social equity and justice are discussed.
4. title: neighbourhood histories and educational attainment: the role of accumulation, duration, timing and sequencing of exposure to poverty
authors: agata a troost, heleen j janssen, maarten van ham
abstract: studies of neighbourhood effects increasingly research the neighbourhood histories of individuals. it is difficult to compare the outcomes of these studies as they all use different datasets, conceptualisations and operationalisations of neighbourhood characteristics and outcome variables. this paper contributes to the literature by studying educational attainment and comparing the effects of the timing, accumulation, duration and sequencing of exposure to neighbourhood poverty. we use longitudinal register data to study the population of children born in the netherlands in 1995 and follow them until the age of 23. our findings show that it is important to separate the early adult years (age 18�22) when constructing individual histories of exposure to neighbourhood poverty. we find that the effect of exposure to neighbourhood deprivation on educational attainment during adolescence is slightly stronger than the effect of exposure during childhood. we conclude that the observed relationship between neighbourhood poverty and educational attainment depends on how exposure to the neighbourhood effect is conceptualised and measured; choosing just one dimension could lead to under- or overestimation of the importance of exposure to neighbourhood poverty.
5. title: fabrication of space: the design of everyday life in south korean songdo
authors: dominik bartmanski, seonju kim, martina l�w, timothy pape, j�rg stollmann
abstract: constructed from scratch on land reclaimed from the sea, songdo was planned to embody new �smart city� life. in reality, it has come to exemplify enclave urbanism that commodifies securitised living for upwardly mobile middle classes. while the political economy of this urban project is by now well studied, the sociological ethnography of the resultant space and its experiential correlates remains less developed and imperfectly contextualised. one needs to connect the dots of power and space. the present paper aims to do that and thematises the �design of everyday life� which rests on (1) the intensification of privatised digital surveillance of mass housing compounds which in turn occasions (2) the remaking of spatial markers and symbolic boundaries between private/public, inclusive/exclusive, inside/outside. as such it is a combination of two different registers of visibility that gets jointly orchestrated by the public�private partnership of korean state and corporate actors. in order to recognise these regimes as strategic visions of controlled social life we extend james scott�s notion of �seeing like a state� to include the corresponding regime that we call �seeing like a corporation�. this allows us to show that they are mutually elaborative in songdo through a hybridised fabrication of its lived environment, particularly in the case of one branded housing typology located in the city�s centre called international business district. this elucidates not only the local entrepreneurial urbanism that gave rise to the controlled environment of songdo but also more general logics of the �compressed modernisation� in the region which sets a global mode for production of space and re-territorialisation of power.
6. title: do ethnic integration policies also improve socio-economic integration? a study of residential segregation in singapore
authors: shin bin tan
abstract: concerns over the negative impact of residential segregation have motivated desegregation policies around the world. singapore�s ethnic integration policy (eip) is a desegregation policy perceived to be effective in reducing ethnic segregation. however, there is little clarity about how the ethnic integration policy might affect socio-economic segregation, another important dimension of segregation. this study explores singapore�s socio-economic and ethnic residential segregation patterns from 1990 until 2020, focussing on three scales of analysis: national, city district-level (subzone) and building-level. ethnic and socio-economic segregation, which were generally low, fluctuated in opposite directions over the years. while public housing flats were exposed to less ethnic and socio-economic segregation than private housing, findings suggest a negative relationship between ethnic and socio-economic segregation for majority public housing subzones. this inverse relationship between socio-economic and ethnic segregation might be due to the ethnic integration policy's distortionary effect on flat resale prices. these findings highlight the need for greater attentiveness to residential integration policies� impact on both socio-economic and ethnic integration, and not to assume that policies aimed at improving one would be sufficient to address the other.
7. title: apocalyptic urban surrealism in the city at the end of the world
authors: japhy wilson
abstract: this paper responds to calls for radical experimentation in urban theory in the context of the material and psychological upheavals of anthropocene. it does so through the development of an apocalyptic urban surrealism, based on a set of principles drawn from surrealist attempts to simulate the experience of reality characteristic of psychotic breakdown. these principles are put to work in the psychogeographical exploration of an urban resettlement scheme on the outskirts of iquitos in the peruvian amazon, and the flooded informal settlement that this scheme seeks to replace. through the relinquishment of established modes of academic sense-making, and their replacement with a surrealist interpretive delirium, alternative meanings emerge within the entrails of cannibal capitalism and the wreckage of state-regulated reality.
8. title: the dynamics of socio-economic segregation: what role do private schools play?
authors: stefanie j�hnen, marcel helbig
abstract: although residential sorting along socio-economic lines has increased in many cities across europe, few studies have examined what drives changes in segregation over time. this study looks at the role of school choice expansion in shaping patterns of spatial inequality. we adopt a longitudinal perspective and investigate how the increasing availability of private primary schools is related to the dynamics of socio-economic segregation in german cities. drawing on a uniquely compiled data set for the years 2005 to 2014 that includes 74 large and medium-sized cities with over 3500 districts, we estimate linear panel regression models with city fixed effects. the analyses show that an increase in the share of private primary schools is associated with a decrease in the segregation of poverty in west german cities but not in east german ones. the association in west germany is particularly pronounced in local contexts characterised by growing rates of poor residents and growing proportions of young children. results imply that school choice availability may promote residential integration and at the same time reinforce school segregation.
9. title: social mix and the city: council housing and neighbourhood income inequality in vienna
authors: tamara premrov, matthias schnetzer
abstract: the austrian capital of vienna is widely acknowledged as one of the most livable cities, featuring a unique model of council housing that accounts for roughly 25% of all residential dwellings. this paper studies whether the broad provision of council housing is linked with a higher social mix in the neighbourhood. the analysis is based on administrative wage tax data at a small-scale raster grid of 500 � 500 meter with neighbourhood income inequality as an indicator for the social mix. while council housing is widely spread across the city, we find distinct spatial clusters of high and low income and inequality. spatial econometric models show that council housing in vienna is associated with lower income areas but slightly correlates with higher neighbourhood income inequality. these findings suggest that well-designed public housing policies may contribute to a higher social mix in a city.
10. title: the green gentrification cycle
authors: alessandro rigolon, timothy collins
abstract: significant research has shown that gentrification often follows the implementation of greening initiatives (e.g. new parks) in cities worldwide, in what scholars have called �green gentrification�. a few other studies in the global north suggest that greening initiatives might be disproportionately located in disadvantaged neighbourhoods that are gentrifying as opposed to disadvantaged areas experiencing continuous disinvestment. building on these findings, in this critical commentary we present the green gentrification cycle, which sheds light on the complex spatiotemporal relationships between greening and gentrification. the cycle posits that gentrification can precede greening, gentrification can follow greening and, in some cases, gentrification can both precede and then follow greening. we present the actors and processes involved in intentionally steering greening to already gentrifying communities and discuss them through an environmental justice lens. specifically, we propose three complementary explanations for why gentrification precedes greening, including demand from gentrifiers, push from the green growth machine and increased resource availability in gentrifying communities. we then present a research agenda on the green gentrification cycle, including the need for a better understanding of how the cycle might materialise in places with varying political economies, such as the global south.
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11. title: neighborhood defenders: participatory politics and america s housing crisis
authors: w dennis keating
abstract: the article reviews the book neighborhood defenders: participatory politics and america s housing crisis by katherine levine einstein and david m. glick.
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