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volume 43, issue 8, august 2022
1. title: how much does the firm's alliance network matter?
authors: pankaj kumar, xiaojin liu, akbar zaheer
abstract: extant empirical work partitioning the variance in firm (business segment) profitability has identified industry, corporate parent, business segment, and time as key sources. however, this variance decomposition research stream has treated firms as atomistic, autonomous entities. we employ a fast-unfolding community-detection algorithm to detect firms' network memberships and use the shapley value method to isolate the effect of the firm's alliance network, in addition to industry, corporate parent, business segment, and year effects, on the variance in business unit performance. our findings demonstrate that the effect of the firm's alliance network explains 11% of the variance in firm roa among 16,381 business segments from 1979 through 1996. we also extend the time period through 2018 and find that our results broadly hold.
2. title: corporate directors as heterogeneous network pipes: how director political ideology affects the interorganizational diffusion of governance practices
authors: abhinav gupta, adam j. wowak, warren boeker
abstract: scholars have long recognized that interlocking directors act as conduits (or �pipes�) in the interorganizational diffusion of governance practices. yet, this research generally depicts interlocks as homogenous, overlooking the possibility that directors differ in their beliefs about a given practice. our study explores this idea in the context of the spread of two practices�lone-insider board structures and ceo-chair separation�across s&p 500 firms from 1997 to 2016. we theorize and show that politically conservative directors are more likely to transmit the lone-insider structure, whereas politically liberal directors are likelier to transmit the ceo-chair separation structure. we further illustrate that these effects are stronger when the focal firm faces shareholder pressure for governance reform, and weaker when the institutional norms curtail director discretion.
3. title: achieving cultural resonance: four strategies toward rallying support for entrepreneurial endeavors
authors: jean-fran�ois soubli�re, christi lockwood
abstract: we theorize the strategies that entrepreneurial actors employ to instill their endeavors with culturally resonant meanings and rally the support of key audiences (investors, analysts, or customers). in extant cultural entrepreneurship research, endeavors are assumed to achieve resonance and gain support when actors deploy the culture they share with their targeted audiences. but what if actors and audiences hold cultural repertoires that poorly overlap? we consider actors' efforts to �mobilize� and �enrich� the repertoires of both parties. specifically, we introduce a typology identifying four strategies: anchoring, retooling, channeling, and seeding. viewing culture as an engine of stability and change, we contend that each strategy addresses a distinct tension that actors must skillfully balance. we develop propositions to explain how and when actors manage these tensions.
4. title: contracting to (dis)incentivize? an integrative transaction-cost approach on how contracts govern specific investments
authors: desmond (ho-fu) lo, giorgio zanarone, mrinal ghosh
abstract: buyer�supplier collaborations are plagued by multiple frictions�haggling, non-contractible adaptation, and resource appropriation. this article examines how contracts govern relationship-specific investment in the face of these frictions. in our model, investment increases the value the supplier creates for the buyer ex post by adapting a component to her needs. at the same time, specific investment exposes the supplier to haggling, while providing him with knowledge needed to appropriate the buyer's preexisting resources. by muting both haggling and adaptation incentives, �closed price� contracts elicit higher investment than �open price� contracts when adaptation is unimportant, and lower investment otherwise. moreover, an optimal price format seeks to incentivize investment when resource appropriation is unimportant, and to disincentivize investment otherwise. our evidence on component procurement contracts supports both predictions.
5. title: health insurance benefits as a labor market friction: evidence from a quasi-experiment
authors: ulya tsolmon, dan ariely
abstract: this study examines the propensity of small firms to provide health insurance in response to high state-level unemployment insurance (ui) benefits, given that generous ui benefits reduce labor market frictions that constrain employee mobility. we exploit a unique data set of over 15,000 small private firms in the united states and find that when state ui benefits are high, firms will offer their employees health insurance benefits�especially when those firms rely on human capital that is difficult to replace. we find positive effects of health insurance policy on worker retention, worker productivity, and firm performance. we discuss the implications of our findings to the theory development on the relationship between exogenous labor market frictions and firms' responses to those frictions.
6. title: aspiration formation and attention rules
authors: luca berchicci, murat tarakci
abstract: the behavioral theory of the firm (btof) proposes that firm behavior is goal-directed and that organizational aspirations are a function of prior historical aspirations, past performance, and the performance of others. despite the centrality of aspirations in the btof, little is known about aspiration formation and why firms favor one aspiration type over others, that is, attention rules. drawing on the attention-based view, we posit that attention rules are shaped by environmental volatility over time and vary by locus of attention across firms. data from us manufacturing firms managing their toxic chemical waste provide evidence for attention-rule adaptation.
7. title: long-tenured independent directors and firm performance
authors: stefano bonini, justin deng, mascia ferrari, kose john, david gaddis ross
abstract: agency perspectives suggest long-tenured independent directors (ltids) may be cronies of the ceo, making their boards less effective, but we theorize that ltids may have particular expertise and motivation to improve board effectiveness and ultimately firm performance. we find strong support for this prediction using 15 years of data on the s&p 1,500 firms and an instrument based on director age at time of hire. we also find that an ltid adds more value to firms that are complex or mature, had more ceos during the ltid's tenure, and have less entrenched management. post hoc analyses of director deaths and shareholder class action lawsuits and activist motions provide additional evidence that ltids add value to the firms on whose boards they serve.
8. title: learning by doing and corporate diversification
authors: wonsang ryu, brian t. mccann, william p. wan
abstract: we examine how learning-by-doing (lbd) rates in manufacturing, the extent to which performance depends on own production experience, are associated with firms' diversification decisions. we argue that the lbd rates of industries affect the characteristics of not only the first-order knowledge that firms generate via operating a particular process but also the second-order knowledge that firms develop about the learning process itself. we maintain that first-order knowledge generated via lbd has low transferability; accordingly, firms are less likely to diversify as their industries exhibit higher rates of lbd. we also argue that second-order knowledge about lbd affects the locus of diversification; specifically, firms are more likely to choose target industries with similar lbd rates. hypotheses are tested using data from over 350 u.s. manufacturing industries.
9. title: the influence of patent assertion entities on inventor behavior
authors: mukund chari, h. kevin steensma, charles connaughton, ralph heidl
abstract: patent assertion entities (paes) are intermediaries that acquire patents from inventors and license them to firms that use the intellectual property to develop products. we consider how pae intermediation influences inventor behavior by reducing the costs to monetize their inventions. using a proprietary dataset that tracks pae lawsuits, we find that, as pae intermediation for a given class of technologies increases, larger numbers of focused inventors (i.e., small firms, universities, and labs) that typically lack commercializing capabilities begin to produce inventions in this class. further, we find that, compared to their larger counterparts, focused inventors are particularly responsive to increasing pae intermediation by producing greater numbers of inventions, albeit inventions that likely advance the state of the art only incrementally.
10. title: top management team role structure: a vantage point for advancing upper echelons research
authors: shenghui ma, yasemin y. kor, david seidl
abstract: the role structure of a top management team (tmt)�the roles of tmt members and the relationships among those roles�has important implications for how tmt members work together as a group in directing an organization and shaping its strategy. although the importance of tmt role structure has long been noted, it has received scant attention until recently when upper-echelons scholars started examining its formation a$&./17:<=>@hiz{|���ʻʻʩ��wobtm?t2thj�5�ojqj^jo(hjknhjkn5�ojqj^jhjknhjknh�"�hu<�5�ojqj^jh�ud5�ojqj^jo(hjknh�"�o(&h�"�h�"�5�cjojqj^jajo(h�n�5�cjojqj^jajh
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